Ethics Essay Example for Free

Ethics Essay Businesses are concerned with their company image, breaking of the laws in work related duties and any doing that will involve a law suit against the company. This is mainly their reputation and restoring it will involve a lot of money. To avoid all of this, they adapt a moral behavior in knowing what is right and wrong for the company. Therefore ethics are derived from the moral obligations, profit maximization and in following the laws set. In human ethics, an individual is expected to prevent harm, be fair and just, respect the opinion of others, have a heart for others, to be honest and wiling to comply with the law (Pojman, 2004). In professionalism, there is need for objectivity and impartiality, avoidance of conflict of interest, confidentiality of information, duty of care respected, integrity and full disclosure of information. History of utilitarianism A proposition on utilitarianism lie with Hume but its formulation and understanding credit is received by Bentham. It was incorporated during the 18th century. It was intended to view the principle of utility and the motivation of human beings. They found out that happiness and pain were humans’ utility and that what generates more happiness to many people is the ultimate right. However, having a large number being happy was difficult thus they settled for principle of happiness to represent utilitarianism. Since then, it has been an influence to economics and used to support different political moves. Introduction Utilitarianism is a principle of moral ethics. It supports that a moral right action in a situation is the one that produces more advantages than disadvantages (Buckle, 2007). Many individuals use this type of ethics in daily decisions as it brings more benefits even if lies or manipulation of others were used. It is easily aid sin decision making process. The required courses of actions are identified then their advantages and disadvantages in value are highlighted and lastly the action that generates more advantages is then selected to be morally right. It is characterized by the relevant consequences, impartiality and neutrality of the action as every person’s happiness is counted the same. The act and rule utilitarianism are its types and have been competing on which real should be followed. In act, what benefits the people more is the right morals despite their different feelings. However, the rule type acknowledges the justice, fairness and benefits a large number of people. Therefore the rule values the people feelings, their laws and the benefits. They both have problems in comparing the exact consequences value in money and happiness since they all differ. They believe in obligation to the society and not the act of being a heroine. Since it is consequences on choice, they tend to predict the future. However, act type will be favorable to one today and may be unfavorable the next day. The rule type on the other hand, is very instable on what is actually morally right. Utilitarianism can be objective in supporting the effect that the rightness of an activity is whether it would indeed encourage and promote the goodness of the already available acts to the agents. On the other side, it can take the form of subjective utilitarianism. It involves that when choosing an activity one should first determine which activities of those available would mostly promote the good more than the others, then chose that activity. Critics against utilitarianism It is difficult t assign value in money form to certain items and acts such as human life, happiness, pain, pleasure and more feelings (Pojman, 2004). They could be representing opposition’s ideas in the sense that someone’s pleasure could be another individual’s pain. This does make the comparison of values difficult for a person to choose what action will give a high better pleasure. The benefits and costs value may be underestimated or overestimated. This principle violates the human conscious acts and the different personal ideas in interest of more valuable advantages of an action. It’s like it gives us permission to do harm but specifically little harm in order to gain. In protest then, little or more harm is still harm, it never changes. Lying for the sake of saving more benefits represents an injustice to human kind. It does not promote justice but rules in favor of injustice. It is difficult to know how right an action is when the law seconds some offences committed with the excuse of the principle of utilitarianism. It does not follow the law guide thus can at all times be interchanged to commit evil. The integrity, reputation and image of a person are lost with utilitarianism ethics. The consequences of a lie for the sake of creating more profits to a company, kills the integrity that was taught of being present. Maintenance of reputation is not easy and therefore loosing the little you have will mean a slow start in creating another image. It does not encourage creativity and development of products and services as it tends to cut out considerations of new ideas generation. To other individual this is a difference making on what and how they feel. They argue that each one is responsible for what hey do and not the value of how they do it. An individual might be creative and willing to undertake his idea a step ahead and fulfill it, may not succeed at all if the majority umber do not support his idea. Therefore, a chance of having had to grow an idea in other people no matte how good it would have been, is lost because of this system. It relies entirely on a single principle of ethics thus an action committed could either produce best or worst consequences despite the argument that it will provide more benefits. Different principles in deciding what is right or wrong have to be used on a single action so as to make the solution effective and efficient. It uses the human being as means to an end of suitable action by only considering happiness and equating it as the main pleasure of a person. By only counting happiness, it encourages individuals to do the right things for an entire wrong reason. After all, they can justify the evil doing as their happiness. The theory also concentrate on a belief that human are common in nature thus desires same things. It discourages the individual’s tastes and preferences. Some people even appreciate more things than others who do not even take an account of the thing presence. Humans are very different in personalities and their goals also differ. Grouping them a sonly one group of nature, is not justice and happiness at all. It does not take into considerations the potential intention of an individual in carrying out an action. An individual could be fulfilling his evil motives on an individual but ends up defending himself using the utility benefits thus being set free and innocent. Every action should be accounted for legally so truth of right and wrong could be identified. A person stealing money and justifying it that it was to be used for a sick person medical expenses, might b lying or not. He might be a thief in the making. Critics in support of utilitarianism In human moral life, majority value the self sacrificial factor and happiness. Utilitarianism supports these morals in their decisions as some are sacrificed and the happiness of the people affected by the consequence mattering a lot (Mayer, 2009). An individual known for self sacrificial mostly promotes peace, loyalty and unity. If an organization is willing to sacrifice some items for the entire society benefits, it is received well and brings happiness which is the goal of utilitarianism. It promotes equality, impartiality, fairness and neutrality in all its decisions (Buckle, 2007). This is because to them no one deserves special treatment at the expense of another as they are all equal. A decision is basically made from everybody’s point of view with consideration of the majority. If the majority needs a company closed down, then that percentage would be a representation that every individual of that area wants the company closed. The consideration of the outcome of an activity is important. This theory is in support of knowing the consequences first before undertaking an action. The consequences received should be of great value that would not contribute to pain but joy. These would prepare the users to face the outcome with an open mind as they had been expecting it. They could be outcomes based on researches or people personal experiences. In addition, it aids in future planning of activities leading to enhancement of efficiency. This system is straightforward and direct in evaluation because it conveniently uses one denominator in its evaluation calculations. Therefore, it becomes easy in resolving conflict interests for straightforward answers to the decision. An easy way to resolve things is many people choice as many of them understand it, support it and ready to conceptualize into their daily activities. This ensures less money and minimal time spent in evaluations process. Nietzsche on ethical concept, background and theories He explained that the existence of structure theories is as a result of leaders who dominate their decisions over others. He argues that it is through self consciousness that one can determine the evil and the good with its both doers. He did not support the utilitarianism principle of ethics and argued that it placed too much emphasis on the large numbers of people instead of an individual that his personal welfare is lost to the general crowd. In addition, his other reason was that humans do things just to survive in this world even if they were unpleasant or unhappy. Utilitarianism show there is a wrong and a right but according to him this are the terms men use to interpret a situation or experience. He believes human will be motivated by to many thing snot only pleasure, happiness and pain. Aristotle ethical concepts, background and theories He showed that conduct depended on the role of an individual habit. He said that it was in between pleasures and pain that allowed one to choose which indeed was right or wrong. Being a business minded person, he advices that the root to fairness, justice and happiness is in asking questions. He does not uses utility in his work but stresses that the behavior of a person is what is reflected on his performance and goodness, thus supporting the theory of virtue of ethics and not consequences (History of Utilitarianism, 2009). He campaigned that happiness of a person could only be known after his life and thus could not be short termed using utilitarianism. Conclusions Utilitarianism should take into account that not only making people happy is a pleasure but also involving one in the success of the project, institution, a career and a cause to ensure that they are committed. Many people though support it because it is easy to use, they have practice of using it daily and it tends to avoid the divine revelation of living morally but outside the belief in a supernatural being. A person deciding should include other principles and theories of ethics that are likely to affect an action and determine if they are right or wrong. They could use principle of; virtue, moral right, egoism, deontological, justice and fairness and their emotions reflected in their feelings. This would give a wide reflection balance of the choice picked. In all the actions an individual undertakes from a selection, he should first weigh their goodness and badness and not necessarily through its money value alone. One should be able to know how the action would affect him, the law and the society. An evil action such as killing a corrupt leader for money should not be justified that it made everyone evil that had fallen into his corrupt evils.

Mechanical barrier against infection

Mechanical barrier against infection Take Home Midterm 1.) One example of a mechanical barrier against infection would be the surface layer of our skin. The surface layer of human skin is acidic and very dry, thus making it difficult for pathogens to survive. In addition to this, the surface layer of human skin consists of dead epithelial cells, under which many viruses have difficulty replicating. Moreover, dead epithelial skin cells are frequently being replaced, and thus pathogens that are present on the skin often do not have a chance to cause infection. Therefore, the surface layer of human skin is a very important mechanical barrier against infections. Sometimes they are circumstances under which the surface layer of our skin can be compromised, thus resulting in infection. Several breaches to the surface layer such as through bites, burns, cuts, or trauma can allow for bacteria to enter into the tissue, thus resulting in infection. One such example of an infection that can result from a breach of the skin is Rocky Mountain spotted fever. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted from a bite from an infected tick. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused from the bacterial organism Rickettsia rickettsii and may cause fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and joint pain. In addition to this, burns to the surface layer of the skin can destroy the protective layer and thus allow for many types of bacteria such as staphylococci to colonize and infect the individual. Thus, the surface layer of our skin is an extremely important mechanical barrier against infection and protects us from surface and environmental pathogens. Church, Diedre, Owen Reid, and Brent Winston. Burn Wound Infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2nd ser. 19 (2006): 403-34. PubMed Central. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. CDC, 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . 2.) In recent years, globalization has lead to many issues associated with food borne illnesses. Some of the factors related to this issue are an increase in the amount of food that is traded between countries, international travel and migration of individuals from different countries, and economic and technological advances that have changed the types of foods that individuals eat. In addition to this, the ways in which foods are prepared are changing, and the introduction of new foods to new regions are some of the factors affecting food borne illnesses. Furthermore, dietary habits of individuals are beginning to shift to a healthier diet and more and more individuals are starting to eat more organic and fresh food. To be able to meet these demands, the United States and other countries have to import certain foods on a seasonal basis. For example, according to the CDC, more than 75% of the fresh fruits and vegetables that are available in U.S. markets and restaurants are imported. It has been estimated that the increased demand for fruits and vegetables has nearly doubled the rates of food borne illnesses. Therefore, individuals are at a greater risk to acquire a food borne illness from contaminated food that is imported from other countries. Currently, one of the largest consequences of globalization and international trading is that when food becomes contaminated it can spread all over the world. In years past, food borne illnesses were thought to be local events and it was easier to ascertain the cause of the illness. However, this is no longer the case and takes much longer now that globalization has occurred. One example of a food borne illness that spread to different countries was an outbreak of shigellosis in eight restaurants caused by a common strain of Shigella sonnei that occurred in the United States and Canada between July and August in 1998. It was determined that the illness was associated from the ingestion of parsley. In each case the parsley was found to have been chopped and left at room temperature for several hours before being used. In addition to this, in 6 of the outbreaks it was found that the parsley was traced to a specific farm in Baja California, Mexico. Thus, it was likely that the parsley h ad been contaminated before shipment. Therefore, as seen from these examples, globalization has had a major impact on food borne illnesses and with changes in dietary habits, the increase in international travel and migration, and an increase in imported foods have been some of the main reasons associated with food borne illnesses relating to globalization. Angier. A World in Motion: The Global Movement of People, Products, Pathogens, and Power. The National Academies Press. 2001. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Foodborne Disease Control: A Transnational Challenge. By D. W. Betthcer. 4th ed. Vol. 3. Atlanta: CDC, 2010. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . United States. World Health Organization. Food Safety and Foodborne Illness. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . 3). According to Dr. Nelson El-Amins lecture, vaccinations have had a large impact on infectious disease rates. One such disease that has seen a dramatic decrease in the number of individuals affected is Tetanus. According to the lecture, the number of individuals that had Tetanus in 1947 was about 560-570. Since vaccination for Tetanus has occurred in the United States, there has been a steady downward decrease in the number of individuals affected. In 2002, the number of individuals affected with Tetanus was about 10-20. In addition to this, another disease that has significantly decreased due to vaccination is the rates of individuals affected with Diphtheria. According to the lecture, in 1940, the number of individuals affected with Diphtheria was about 16,000. Since vaccination for Diphtheria, the rates of those infected have significantly decreased. In 2000, the rate for those infected with Diphtheria was almost non-existent. And finally, another example that was presented in D r. El-Amins lecture was disease rates for Polio. At one time, Polio was the most feared disease in United States and caused either paralysis or death. Before there was a vaccination for Polio, Polio affected more than 20,000 individuals per year. In 1955, the first Polio vaccination was licensed and had a significant impact on the rates of those affected with Polio. Today, there arent any reported cases of Polio in the United States. Thus, as seen from the examples presented in Dr. El-Amins lecture, vaccinations have had a significant impact in reducing the disease rates for many infectious diseases, and in some cases, such as Polio, vaccinations have just about completely eliminated Polio in the United States. El Amin, Alvin N. The Changing Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. PM 527 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Class. Los Angeles. 11 Mar. 2010. Lecture. 4). In 1879, Robert Koch discovered the anthrax bacterium and developed the Kochs postulates for causation. There are 4 postulates that Koch believed must be satisfied in order to establish causation. The postulates state: the bacteria must be present in every case of the disease, the bacteria must be isolated from the host with the disease and grown in pure culture, the specific disease must be reproduced when a pure culture of the bacteria is inoculated into a healthy susceptible host, and that the bacteria must be recoverable from the experimentally infected host. One such example of an infectious disease that satisfies the Kochs postulates is Anthrax. Anthrax was the first infectious disease that was discovered by Koch, and it was this disease that gave birth to his 4 postulates. On the contrary, there are exceptions of certain infectious diseases that do not satisfy all of the Kochs postulates. There are many infectious diseases in which infected carriers do not show the signs or symptoms of having the disease. These individuals are thus asymptomatic. One example of this is from the Bartonella species of bacteria. Certain species that are infected with Bartonella do not show any signs of symptoms, whereas other infected species do. Therefore, in cases where the infected individual does not show any signs or symptoms, all the Kochs postulates are not satisfied. In addition to this, certain infectious diseases cannot be grown in pure culture, but rather can only reproduce in living cells. Thus, in cases such as these, the Kochs postulates are also not satisfied. Other examples of infectious diseases that do not satisfy all of the Kochs postulates are cholera, typhoid fever, and herpes simplex. Jacomo, V., and P. J. Kelly. Natural History of Bartonella Infections (an Exception to Kochs Postulate). Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9.1 (2002): 8-18. American Society of Microbiology. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . 5). According to Dr. Nelson El-Amins lecture, there are a few reasons why diseases such as measles and polio have not been completely eradicated even though there are vaccines to prevent these diseases. One of the reasons presented in the lecture for this is due to the fact that some individuals do not receive the vaccination against these diseases out of fear. There are cases of individuals that do not receive measles vaccinations due to concerns that vaccinations have caused certain ailments such as autism. This is evident from a cohort study conducted on unvaccinated children that have not received proper vaccination due to concerns of safety. However, according to the lecture, there is no scientific fact to support the beliefs that autism is associated with the MMR vaccinations. Another reason why certain groups of individuals do not receive vaccinations is because it goes against their religious beliefs and they believe that they do not need to receive a vaccination in order to be protected against diseases. Some of the characteristics for individuals that have not received proper vaccination are individuals that are young, individuals that do not know their vaccination status, and individuals that have migrated from other countries. According to the lecture, in cases in which individuals have not received vaccination, 76% of those individuals are less than 20 years old. In addition to this, 91% of unvaccinated individuals do not know their vaccination status. And furthermore, 89% of unvaccinated individuals are people that have migrated from other countries. Therefore, the evidence shows that the reasons why certain diseases such as polio and measles have not been completely eradicated are due to the fact that not everybody has received proper vaccination. This is either due from individuals refusing to receive vaccination out of fear or some other belief, certain individuals do not know that they have not received proper vaccination, or certain individuals have migrated from other coun tries and have not received all their vaccinations. El Amin, Alvin N. The Changing Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. PM 527 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Class. Los Angeles. 11 Mar. 2010. Lecture. 6). According to Dr. Wohls lecture on HIV/AIDS, the distribution of AIDS diagnoses has changed amongst the different race/ethnic groups since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. For example, in 1985, about 60% of the total AIDS cases were amongst Caucasians, about 27% were amongst Black/African Americans, about 16% were amongst Hispanic/Latinos, about 1% were amongst Asians, and less than 1% were amongst American Indian/Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander. As of 2007, these rates have changed amongst the different race/ethnic groups. For example, for Caucasians the rates have decreased to about 28% of the total AIDS cases. On the contrary, rates for Black/African Americans have increased to about 48% of the total AIDS cases. In addition to this, rates for Hispanic/Latinos have also increased to about 21% of the total AIDS cases. For Asians, the rates have remained constant at around 1% of the total cases, and the rates amongst American Indian/Alaska Native and Na tive Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander have also remained constant at around less than 1% of the total AIDS cases. According to the lecture, SHAS examined time intervals between when a person first learned that they had HIV and when they were diagnosed with AIDS. As indicated by the findings, detection rates varied significantly between different racial/ethnic groups. The results showed that Caucasians were more likely than Black/African American or Hispanic/Latinos to have their HIV infection to be detected early (more than 5 years) before their onset of AIDS. Thus, many more Caucasians were more likely to fall into the â€Å"early detection† group in comparison to other racial groups. In contrast to this, Hispanic/Latinos were much more likely than any other racial group to have their HIV infection detected very late (within a year) in their progress to AIDS diagnosis. Thus, Hispanic/Latinos were more likely to fall into the â€Å"very late detection† group in comparison to other racial groups. Black/African Americans were also very likely to have their HIV infections detected ver y late prior to coming down with an AIDS diagnosis, however, the rates of Black/African Americans in the â€Å"very late detection† group was lower than that of Hispanic/Latinos. The rates between racial/ethnic groups for individuals that had their HIV infection detected between 13 and 60 months prior to AIDS diagnosis (â€Å"late detection) was relatively equal between all of the racial/ethnic groups. In addition to these finding, according to the lecture, it was shown that in Los Angeles, individuals that were more likely to be late testers were found to be women, Black/African Americans, foreign born Latinos, U.S. born Latinos, those exposed to HIV via heterosexual contact, young individuals, and less educated individuals. There are many implications associated with late detection of HIV. Individuals infected with HIV that are diagnosed later in life, are not able to receive proper antiretroviral therapy. And thus, those individuals are more likely to suffer from adverse effects in comparison to individuals that are diagnosed earlier in life who are able to receive the proper medication to help slow down their onset of AIDS. In addition to this, individuals that are detected of having HIV later in life are more likely to affect other individuals, thus spreading HIV to other unknowing individuals and further exacerbating the issue. Therefore, as shown from the lecture, there are many negative implications of late detection, and it has also been shown that the distribution of AIDS has changed significantly amongst racial/ethnic groups since the beginning of the AIDS epidemic. Wohl, Amy R. HIV and AIDS: Worldwide, the U.S. and Los Angeles County. PM 527 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Class. Los Angeles. 18 Feb. 2010. Lecture. Works Cited Angier. A World in Motion: The Global Movement of People, Products, Pathogens, and Power. The National Academies Press. 2001. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. Church, Diedre, Owen Reid, and Brent Winston. Burn Wound Infections. Clinical Microbiology Reviews 2nd ser. 19 (2006): 403-34. PubMed Central. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . El Amin, Alvin N. The Changing Epidemiology of Vaccine Preventable Diseases. Infectious Disease Epidemiology Class. Los Angeles. 11 Mar. 2010. Lecture. Jacomo, V., and P. J. Kelly. Natural History of Bartonella Infections (an Exception to Koch?s Postulate). Clinical and Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 9.1 (2002): 8-18. American Society of Microbiology. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases. CDC, 1 Apr. 2008. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . United States. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Foodborne Disease Control: A Transnational Challenge. By D. W. Betthcer. 4th ed. Vol. 3. Atlanta: CDC, 2010. National Center for Infectious Diseases. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . United States. World Health Organization. Food Safety and Foodborne Illness. Web. 31 Mar. 2010. . Wohl, Amy R. HIV and AIDS: Worldwide, the U.S. and Los Angeles County. PM 527 Infectious Disease Epidemiology Class. Los Angeles. 18 Feb. 2010. Lecture.

Why Christians Oppose Abortion :: Papers

Why Christians Oppose Abortion Abortion, the termination of an unborn child from a pregnant mother, is a topic that which has raged on for hundreds of years. Two sides to the idea exist. Pro-choice groups are for abortion, or the choice of the mother. Pro-life groups are against abortion or for the life of the baby. Yet why is it that pro-life groups are mainly made up of practising Christians? Many Christians oppose abortion because they few unborn babies as humans and therefore view abortion as murder. Strong pro-life activists may believe that life starts as early as conception and views contraceptives such as the pill as abortion. Less strong pro-life people may view the start of life later. Despite this variation in perception, all pro-life activists will view the start of life as pre birth, and that abortion after their perception of the start of life as murder of the child. Some pro-life supporters would not always view abortion as wrong and certain groups promote abortion providing it is only used when it threatens the life of the mother. There are hundreds of beliefs about when and when not abortion should be used among liberal pro-life supporters but the basic idea is that abortion should only happen if it would seriously affect the mother to have a child. Other Christians are for abortion because they believe in the right of the mother. They believe that god made humans free and the mother should be free to choose whether or whether or not she as a baby. They say that the mother should have the choice because the baby will have a massive immediate affect on her life. They argue that women who want abortions would not appreciate a child and that that child would not have a happy life. They also argue that women who have children when they are too young will wreck their entire working life because they would be unable to study and bring up the child and would not make friends or have a social life.

Spreading the Message: The Nature and Paradox of Christian Broadcasting :: Essays Papers

Spreading the Message: The Nature and Paradox of Christian Broadcasting Sit down on any given Sunday morning, turn on your TV, and you are bound to happen upon a religious program of some sort. It was the 1980’s that saw the powerful phenomenon of the religious broadcast emerge. No longer were game shows, soap opera’s, and Billboard Top 20 the biggest draw to the family television set and radio, but rather Billy Graham and Jerry Falwell. With their joyful church choirs, clean-pressed preacher suits, and booming messages of hope, protection, and salvation, religious broadcasts of church-services, evangelism rallies, and other such events and programs became popular and powerful television and radio fare. Over 130 million people were drawn to their radio and television sets, which together reached more people than all of the nation’s churches combined. This phenomenon continues today into the 21st Century, as the religious broadcast has come to find its staple and permanent place in both the consciousness and the home. The relationship between broadcasting and religion has become increasingly complex, and many books have been written on the subject. Media scholars such as Peter G. Horsfield and Quentin Schultze have dedicated their lives and careers to researching and understanding the religious broadcasting phenomenon, and there are other innumerable supporters and critics. While I am personally largely supportive of religious broadcasting, there are some specific points and relationships with which I have come to be concerned about. In this essay I shall focus on the relationship between the religious television show and its presentation, both aesthetic and suggestive. From there I will also be asking some questions, such as, what is the nature of the religious broadcast in light of and in comparison to secular television? How does the entertainment factor affect the viewers experience and understanding? What secular connotations are suggested through religious broadcasting, and how do they affe ct the viewer’s religious experience? These questions and other will be addressed as I delve into the complexity that is religious television. Many scholars, theorists, and clergymen are positive and optimistic about the current importance of religious broadcasting and what the future holds for this type of media. Religious broadcasting involves a new approach to a problem as old as the Bible, in that it is the revolutionary way in which to introduce un-reached individuals to the messages of redemption, hope, and salvation generously offered by a loving God.

Analysis of Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walkers Everyday Use

Analysis of Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walker's Everyday Use In a critique titled â€Å"Patches: Quilt and Community in Alice Walker’s ‘Everyday Use’† (Short Story Criticism: Excerpts from Criticism of the Works of Short Fiction Writers, 1990), the authors reveal that tradition and the explanation of holiness were key elements throughout the story. The writers began the analysis by discussing the significance of a quilt; a quilt is a complete piece of artwork that is essentially made up of fragments. These patchwork quilts, when effectively put together, exposed a way of life. The Africans traditional way of life was one of sacredness and usefulness. By using scraps from old clothes they were able to create a masterpiece that could be passed down from one generation to the next. The title â€Å"Everyday Use† implies that quilts, while they may be priceless heirlooms, are also made to function. The Johnson’s are a typical African family that has settled in America. The mother, and narrator of the story, is a working woman who often imagines herself as someone else, someone who her children would not be ashamed to be seen with. While awaiting the arrival of Dee, her eldest daughter and a â€Å"goddess† (415) in the eyes of her family, she dreams of being on a TV program where a host reunites long lost family members. As she greets her daughter who has been away at college, she is not only one hundred pounds thinner but is beautiful in the eyes of her children. Howeve...

Fight to Win (Race of My Life) Herman Meyer

McVittie 1Fight to Win The two novels pivot around that central theme, strength of character. The first novel, †The Race of my Life† is an autobiography by alpine ski racer, Herman Meyer. The second book   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Fighter† was a biography of George St-Pierre, a mixed martial arts (MMA) fighter. Two contemporary, highly skilled athletes in completely unrelated sports. Both are at the top of their game and are face with a large obstacle that they will have to overcome to proceed with their career. You are ultimately only as strong as you character. Sometimes you win, sometimes you lose, but when faced with adversity, it is only those with supreme sense of character that will come out on top. Hermann Maier is on top, winning world cup as well as Olympic gold in his sport, downhill alpine ski racing. He has been consistently breaking records with grace and speed through hard work and natural talent. But in the summer of 2001 Hermann Maier’s skiing career comes to a screeching halt. It is not just a question of â€Å"will he race again? †, but â€Å"will he survive and will he ever walk again? †. The accident didn’t occur during a death defying ski race, but instead on a break from training out cruising on his custom made Harley Davidson motorcycle. The near fatal motorcycle crash breaks his leg so badly, almost to the point of amputation and Maier is in the Intensive Care Unit battling infections as a result of a 9 hour reconstructive surgery to peace his leg back together. Maier speaks of waking up after surgery, not knowing if he still has a leg. â€Å"during a ski race, a split second will make the difference between victory or defeat. But now much more was at stake. †(Hermann. Page 1) This gives you some insight as to how bad the situation really was. Not unlike Hermann, George St-Pierre’s (GSP) career may also be in jeopardy. Having fought to get to the top in the vicious sport known as MMA, Mixed martial arts, Saint Pierre has achieved the title, the gold belt. He is the first MMA fighter to receive mainstream corporate sponsorship and endorsement deals. He is sitting in the number one position for his weight class when the unexpected happens. GSP is challenged to protect his position in a title fight against welterweight champ GJ Penn. Penn who holds the title in the next weight class up from GSP. Penn wants to drop down to light weight division to fight the number one ranked GSP. â€Å"Just when I thought I was on top of it all, Penn announces that he will be dropping a weight class to fight me for my belt. (GSP. Page 26) If GSP looses this fight, not only will he lose the belt and the tile, there are fortunes to be lost in endorsements and revenue from future fights. Both Maier and GSP who have achieved success in their sport, are faced with dealing with a possibly career ending situation. Neither sport is for the weak minded and they have fought long and hard, through focused and disciplined training to get where they are in their careers. They will have to muster all the strength in their character to overcome such adversity now.

The Solutions of Energy Shortage in Pakistan

slide fastener Shortage at present is a world-wide crisis for numerous countries in the world including Pakistan. Pakistan, sensation of the high rapid development ontogenesis countries now is in the worst nil crisis in its history (Kazmi, 2013). The high zip increasing of its saving and state dead demand a large zip supply, but the occupation is that the storage of the postcode of the domain now pile scarce supply the self-colored countrys muscle usage. As AOL News tell Car owns wait for hours to reduce fumbleeous state and gas, cities and villages atomic number 18 lose of electricity for m both hours per day, homes heap operosely cook without gas.The particular is beseeming much than and more grievous in the whole country. Actually, Pakistans muscle shortage crisis tush be introduce back to the 1990s ( Kugelman, 2013) and in the 1970s, the capability crisis was averted once beca expenditure of the Mangla and Tarbela dams. However, the strong econom ic egress trains a large dupe of brawniness no guinea pig how natal button resources do Pakistan have, it is hard to quit the soared consumption of naught. For figuring out the swell outcomes of energy crisis in Pakistan, wed bring out to know the effects and causes of the crisis.It is very manifestly to see that the impact of the energy crisis in Pakistan is terrible for almost everywhere during the country economic, readingal, political and and so forth As Chung (2013) mentioned, because the lack of electricity, numerous business and factories have to land 20 to 25% of their productivity, and the consequence of this give notice be really bad such(prenominal) as citizens are losing jobs, children are losing their education opportunities and factories are losing their foreign markets and clients, regular(a)tide worse, it whitethorn lead economic slowdown or economic contraction on Pakistan.On the rising(prenominal) hand, Pakistan relies on the compressed natural gas (CNG) most and this is an serious cause that leads the energy shortage crisis directly on Pakistan. Because the population is increasing so fast, no matter how much gas the politics has purchased in, its still hard to supply CNG for the whole country, in worry manner the negative impact of this is that in that respects a inflation on the price of CNG. Besides, according to Leung (2013), the giving medication plays an important role in this crisis.The poor managements of the regimen makes a lot of paradoxs in Pakistan such as the government realized the bother but it didnt take any action to solve the problem, the worse is, the government level(p) made the problems worse. Government incessantly spent money on unseasonable ways but not to throw the most of money on resolve the energy crisis at last, it seems that government can only(prenominal) make a ration of energy and owe much more money, but this obviously cannot solve the problem and it will keep increasing onus on the citizens.Hence, for solving the serious energy shortage problem, what could be the practicable roots and what solutions can truly solve the problem for technical or temporarily? One matter now can be sure as shooting is that for solving the energy crisis, Pakistan will read political will, surplus stocking, and sensitive authority-generation sources etc. (Kugelman, 2013). One short-term solution as Kugelman (2013) pointed out that Pakistan could request a new bestow from International Monetary neckcloth (IMF). However, except how much will this solution work, it seems that Pakistan now is not willing to get support from IMF at least after the springs elections.In other words, because of the possible political influence from IMF, its hard for Pakistan to get new fund from IMF as for now. It means even get loan from IMF is advantageously solution in the additional fund way, its not a happy solution for the governments political will. However, actually for th e Pakistans slur, even the government doesnt ask IMF for fund help, its still necessary and break out to get economic help as soon as possible because even the government itself cannot pay all power bills.New fund can also help Pakistan to import more energy for furnish the demand for a while. Except the new fund, shifting the energy resource to other one is also a good solution for Pakistan. For this, blacken energy seems wish the best choice to instead of CNG for Pakistan. Considering Pakistans economy situation, like Ebrahim (2012) mentioned, many experts envisage coal is the alternative for Pakistan because Pakistan cannot afford to be romantic.Hydropower depends on water so its seasonally, oil is too expensive, only trade abundant coal is viable because coal is much more cheaper than oil and its non-seasonally. However, although coal energy is a long solution for Pakistan to solve the energy problem, it is also a semipermanent damage for the globular environment (Chun g, 2013). In this way, Pakistan needs to turn over how to balance the solution of the current problem and the cause of the latent crisis in the future. hopefully coal energy wont be a dilemma for Pakistan in the future.Meanwhile, besides coal energy, another long-term solution for Pakistan now is to develop more saccharide plants to supply electricity. According to Kazmi (2013), Pakistan has the potential to get electricity from sugar plants across the country especially in agrarian areas. Sugar mills only use low bagasse to heat boilers moreover, sugar can also produce ethanol for get gasoline. This means, if Pakistan starts to use large sugar to be an energy row-material, then it will be helpful for Pakistan to contain oil imports and CNG (Kazmi, 2013).The advantages of sugar are obviously it can stick out Pakistan another new chance to convert the situation in a good way, and maybe the only problem for this solution for Pakistan is how to get more places for planting suga r. In general, like Kugelman (2013) mentioned, Pakistans energy problems are deep and complex, and sometimes the crisis is not only about Pakistan itself, other countries could be intricate in the problems thus, for getting better catch of the problem and better solutions for the problem, we still need to find more information. However, as for now about Pakistan, the energy shortage crisis is becoming worse and worse.The impacts of the crisis are negative plurality in Pakistan now have a very hard and challenging life, economy may suspend or even reverse, government can hardly concur the situation etc. So far, ascribable to Pakistans complex situation, sugar seems like the best solution for Pakistan to solve the problem, its cheap and easy to get, it can show both gas and electricity energy for the whole country, and it can help government to balance the imports and the fund during the crisis. Hopefully, Pakistan could solve the energy shortage crisis and change its hard situa tion peacefully and quickly.