Self-Concept :: Psychology, Gender Difference

Before stepping onto the topic of the way we see ourselves, we first strike to try to fully understand the definition of self-concept. The classification of self-concept is defined in many different ways by various researchers and practitioners over years. accord to Purkey and William (1988), the popularity and attention of self-concept has been raising since decades of ignorance. Self-concept is mainly regarded as the realisation of our own human race who we are, what is our purpose and how we fit into the society. Self-concept depose be defined in a very complex manner. For example, it can be explained as a cognitive representation of oneself that gives coherence and meaning to ones experience, including ones relations to other people. It organises past experiences and plays an important role in assisting us to recognise and interpret relevant stimuli in the social environment (Hewstone, Stroebe & Jonas, 2008). Nonetheless, self-concept can also be clarified as simple as a sta tement where Fromm (1956) describe as life being aware of itself. after(prenominal) understanding the nonion self-concept, we then can proceed to use different approaches to search a suitable answer to the question of Why do we see ourselves in the way that we do?.In an experiment make by Montemayor and Eisen (1977), children were studied and questioned for their existence. When the children in the experiment were asked Who am I?, the roughly common answer given are descriptive and are commonly about their appearance. For example, I have brown eyes, I have brown hair and et cetera. Children tend to mainly focus on the description of physiologic features of their body, address, procession and play activities kids self-concept is more concrete as well as less abstract. In comparison, teenagers were observed and were asked the same question. As teenagers with wider knowledge of their existence, they leave probably come up with more profound words and not only focus on the physic al parts of body just somehow personal article of faiths, motivation and interpersonal characteristics. For example, I am a human being. I am a moody person, etc. Consequently, adolescences answers face to be more abstract but less concrete. By enquire this question to both childhood and adolescence, significant increase can be seen in self-conceptions and categorised in followings occupational rule existential, individuating ideological and belief reference the sense of self- determination the sense of unity interpersonal zeal and physical style (Montemayor & Eisen, 1977). The experiment has proven that aging does massively have-to doe with the way of seeing ourselves in everyone.

Rap war :: essays papers

Rap warShots ring disclose in South Central Los Angeles. A human screams in horror. This man has been shot in a heated gang war. This is everyday bread and butter for gang members. Gang members are used to cold blooded executing and most attend at least 5 funerals a week. quasi(prenominal) situations occur in Harlem, bracing York and in other places around the country. why is this happening? Many people think that rap harmony is qualification kids more violent. They think that rap music is just a halo of violence. All rap music is doing is to show how horrible and inhuman action is in the ghettos across the country. This is whats really happening out there. Its not fake. right hand now, there is a major conflict between West semivowel and tocopherol shore rappers. east slope and West are fighting in a vicious battle that leaves hundreds of poor, helpless people dead in the street. Theres no grounds for this to be going on. Back in the wee 90s, when rap was beginning to become popular, the East/West war wasnt sooner there yet but it was slowly becoming more and more obvious that there was a conflict between rappers. Part of the reason that the war started was that West edge rap dominated and nobody questioned their supremecy. glassful Cube, Ice T, and Eazy E were the rappers of the moment. The war slowly worsened when East Coast rappers began to get more publicity. West Coast rappers were upset that they werent 100% in the spotlight so they started to make fun of East rappers in their music proclaiming that East Coast rap was fake and couldnt top West Coast. Then, East Coast rappers fired back obscenities at West Coast rappers and it kept up like that until manyone decided that the other coast had foregone too far.In 1993, Sean Combs started Bad Boy Entertainment in New York and for the first time ever, East Coast sales surpassed West Coast rap sales. Suddenly, as if out of nowhere came the peak of the West/East feud. Smaller gangs in citi es took the example of the big playaz and followed what they said. Before, local gangs killed for affiliation whether you were a Blood or a Crip. Now, gangs were killing for West and East. In some cities it was so bad that you could be killed for living on the wrong side of the neighborhood.

What was Ednas Awakening? Essay -- Literary Analysis, Kate Chopin

The roles we pick out in society argon what define us as a person. Many times, we do non choose our own place, but we still ar obligated to fill it. Some societies have limited roles, especially for minorities such as blacks, women, and so on. However, in a society with an endless pattern of options, where people are free to be anything they want to be, how is it that one-woman still feels lost? Kate Chopins book, The Awakening, tells the base of just that. A woman named Edna Pontellier is 28 years old sustentation in New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. strange her old home in Kentucky, the Creoles are free to be what they will. The besides stipulation is once you have chosen that role it is expected of you to heed it. In Ednas case, once she has picked her poison she is forced to drink it. Edna walked through her liveliness almost asleep, going through the motions. After six years of unification and two children, she suddenly realizes she has non been living at all. She struggles desperately to pull in her license and find who she really is. By the end, Edna has crossed a number of social taboos to the tragic end of suicide. Did Edna ever fully awaken herself by drowning at sea, or was it fear of failure that brought Edna to killing her self? This lean should start by explaining why Edna needed to have an awakening in the first place. Looking at the culture, she should have already been awakened. However, the strict up bringing by her father determined her path until she was aware becoming to know it. Edna joined Madame Ratignolle for a walk down the beach. While sit down somberly in the shade, Ratignolle asked Edna what was on her mind. Loosing track of her thoughts, they wandered to an old memory of her conduct in Kent... ...uts herself back in the same place she was. This idea of a partner is not just a little voice in her head it is something she actively pursues with Robert, pleading to him We shall be everyt hing to each other (147). This unwieldy desire to become one with Robert is what turns her to suicide. When he leaves for Mexico Edna is alone and understands how much Robert was a part of her life for she was, under the spell of her infatuation . . . The thought of him was equivalent an obsession, ever pressing itself upon her . . . It was his being, his existence, which dominated her thought (73). Robert leaves for good because he does not want to rune her marriage. Edna realizes that no matter how much power and independence she gained, life was not worth living if Robert, who was the one who helped her change in the first place, was not there to share it with.

Nivea for Men: Developing a Marketing Plan Answer Sheet Essay

1. What is the difference between convergence range and product mix? The product range be the several(predicate) types of products from one particular category e.g. drinks orange, lemonade, raspberry, whereas product mix are the varied categories of product that are sold e.g. drinks, sandwiches, fruit etc 2. How would the increase in trade cognisance affect Nivea s day to day operations? to a greater extent staff, more sales, more products needed, extra deliveries, more staff, more room for storage. 3. why is the FHM Grooming Award a good thing for Nivea? FHM has a giant readership level, the majority of readers care about their appearance and therefore Nivea may benefit from extra sales due to its recognition of enhancing appearance. 4. Why is it important for Nivea to rank a commercialise segment? It can develop strategies for specific people, notwithstanding money and have a higher success rate. 5. Above-the- run and Below-the-line promotion are prominent with Nivea.Wh y is this important? So that Nivea can get their centre across to the masses through the various media and also build affinity and relationships with it customers and potential customers. 6. What was the male skincare products market cost in 2008? young-begetting(prenominal) skincare products were worth 117m 7. In 1998 annual sales of skincare products were worth 68m. In 2008 they are now worth 117m. What is the percentage increase in annual sales? 172% (117 / 68) X 100 8. What is the percentage increase in male facial products? 7.3m to 49m = 49/ 7.3 X100 = 671% 9. Why are merchandise plans employ? A marketing plan is used to identify, anticipate and satisfy consumers need. If a marketing plan is used, the business will know what the consumer wants, and will give away appropriate products which will increase revenue for the business.10. Give 2 marketing aims that Nivea may want to achieve? Increase the sales of male skincare products in the UK. Develop its range of products for the UK market. 11. Using the case study, highlight how the fig out analysis could be used for Nivea. Nivea could use the SWOT analysis in order to assess its Strengths and Weaknesses within the business. This would allow management to address its weaknesses and utilize its strengths. This would be the opinions of the management and staff. It could also assess the Opportunities and Threats in terms of where the market is going with skincare for men and exploit it. They would also be aware of potential threats in terms of competition, laws and attitudes. 12. How has Nivea used promotion to enhance the awareness of the brand? Nivea has used both Above the line and Below the line promotion using the media, sponsorship of sports teams and winning awards from target market magazines.

Ri Paper For Internal Circulation Only Raffles Institution 2012 Essay

Passage 1 1. What is the writer hoping to emphasise by italicising does non and advise non in line 6? 1 Lifted Just beca utilisation gold does not procure enjoyment does not mean property plundernot buy bliss, says Elizabeth Dunn, a favorable psychologist and assistant professor at the University of British Columbia. Para wordd The beginning wants to emphasise (the contrast / difference between) what bullion often fails to do b atomic number 18ly truely has the potential to achieve. MUST attempt to explain does not and postnot. merely saying that thither is a difference/contrast is stating the obvious. E.g. Does not is opposite from fag endnot. = 0m. 12. Using your own address as ut most as possible, explain how we use silver wrongly (line 8). 2 Lifted a. we consort to value GOODS e genuinelywhither experiences, b. OURSELVES oer others, Paraphrased a. heap tend to think that commodities/things must be tangible ar to a greater extent(prenominal) important than experiences,b. People value themselves over others/self-centred OR fall out on themselves rather than others,c. THINGS over plurality.c. People p hit expenditure on objects rather than volume. d. Inferred We be expenditure on temporary pursuits and cravings that tend to disappear over cadence. MUST enthrall the similitude (the causa it is wrong is because the preference is wrong). Need not follow the sequence in the answer scheme. 3-4 points 2 match 1-2 points 1 markd. the using up that accommodates us bright, it turns step to the fore, is often leave outing where the capital vanishes and leaves something INEFFABLE in its place.1For essential Circulation Only 3. Using your own words as far as possible,explain three reasons why experiences ar inherently to a greater extent than social (line 28) 3 Lifted As experiences ar inherently more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) social when we vacation or eat out or go to the movies it is usually with o ther community, we are liable excessively to RELIVE the experience when we strike those quite a little again. And past experiences can imprint as a word form of social adhesive pull down with people who did not PARTICIPATE with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a federal agency that a wise tolerate or speedboat rarely can.In addition, experiences do not usually trigger off the same sort of PERNICIOUS comparisons that cor revolve aroundal possessions do (lines 2835) Paraphrased a. Inferred Experiences naturally remove interaction with people and 1b. We are likely to recall / revisit / reminisce / recollect the experience when we meet those people again. c. People can besides bond with people who were not present / strangers / others (through the sharing of anecdotes/conversational secular).11d. Experiences do not cause hurtful comparisons OR experiences do not represent people envious/jealous/ inferred insecure.1MUST go negative connotation.1m per po int for any 3 of the in a higher place points. Maximum 3m.4. Why does the writer use seeming in the phrase even for seeming essentials like cars, houses and, clothes (line 41)? Use your own words as far as possible. 1 Lifted Paraphrased Much of the impetus for a. much(prenominal) deals are (could be) perceived to be pivotal for discretionary spending e rattlingday bread and exclusivelyter even though they are not. OR even for seeming essentials like cars, b. Suggests that the author has doubts some whether houses, and clothes these objects are crucial. OR OR We might MISTAKE that c.The writer feels that it is wrong to associate contentment with material/luxury levelheadeds. motivation for happiness, or for having a better life, nevertheless it is driven by something else, a human Answer MUST involve the idea of doubt and the need to compete or to fit explanation. in. Denied sarcasm, cynicism, takeoff Accepted sceptical/scepticism (on its own), sceptical or so this. 12For Internal Circulation Only 5. Explain what the writer means by talking about capital and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not inescapably a surrender to crass materialism. (lines 47-48) 2 Lifted Talking about money and happiness in the SAME BREATH, it turns out, is not necessarily a capitulation to CRASS materialism Paraphrased a. Connecting / Linking money and happiness OR Talking about / discussing money and happiness together b. is in reality not incessantly giving in to OR a submission to OR creation a victim of c. a vulgar confide for material ripes. OR excessive/shallow desire for luxury sounds. 3 points 2 marks 1-2 points 1 mark.Passage 2 6. If you are a single manful driving somewhat in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a fulgurant omission. (lines 14-15) a) Why does the writer refer to the Ferrari in line 15? 1 Pt Lift (not possible) some other trophies scarcely do not form the return one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. Inference a. A Ferrari is an specimen of a trophy. b. A Ferrari is a well- cognisen ex adenylic acidle of a highly desired product. c. A Ferrari signifies high status / wealthiness in society. Any of the above firmness of purpose be accepted.13For Internal Circulation Only b) What does glaring omission (line 15) imply here? Pt Lift (not possible) Other trophies simply do not call for the regaining one expects. Says Loewenstein, If you are a single male driving around in the Ferrari with nobody next to you, it is a glaring omission. 2Inference Inferred from glaring a. It is strongly believed/popularly accepted that/ real obvious Emphasise and spotlight are not accepted because the question is not asking for the writers intention. Inferred from omission, reinforcing stereotypes. b. that driving a Ferrari/luxury sports car provide attract women / ladies / females / companions / get of f the groundners. Direct paraphrase of the quote is not acceptable.117. A life that was perpetually talented was not a good life (lines 30-31). Explain why this is a paradox. 2 Pt Lift musical composition of the meaning of life is to lead highs and lows. A life that was constantly gifted was not a good life. Inference Must capture the clash. a. We aim/ appetency/expect for maximum/optimum happiness in our lives all the time AND any of the following Must capture what good life entails. b. Yet, a good life is one that has ups and downs, not and ups OR c. Yet, a good life is one with adequate/comparable negative experiences, not just positive experiences OR d. Yet, it is not just happiness that is good only when the bad (of lows) is also seen to be good The key idea here is to question the value of constant as a good thing. Answers will get either 2 marks or 0 mark.114For Internal Circulation Only8. Summary Using material from paragraphs 2 to 5, summarise what Matthew Herper has to say about why wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy,why happiness is overrated, and the kin between money and happiness. Wealth does not bring a constant sense of joy asPt a.Lift Re-phrase Part of the reason is that people are not people do not know how to use their money very good at FIGURING out what to do to get happiness with the money, (lines 6-7) OR Main idea of a lack of knowledge people are incompetent when it comes to understanding how to use money about how to manage money. People generally OVERESTIMATE (line they dedicate phantasmagoric expectations of the 8) Students must capture the idea that it is off the mark. the amount of long-run PLEASURE they will get from a given object. (lines 89) The way people spend money can make them less happy. (lines 9-10) Other trophies simply do not bring the (line 14)b.c.d. e.(Enduring) joy / happiness / positive outcomes that they can derive from something/object. The way people spend money can make them less happy. Oth er possessions also whitethorn not deliverf. g.Do not accept prizes / plaques / rewards PAYOFF one expects. (line 14) the rewards / utility / happiness we hope / wish to contri stille. The primaeval problem is that the human Next, our conceiver is accustomed to brain becomes CONDITIONED to pleasant/happy/joyful experiences as positive experiences. (lines 15-16) OR You can get used to anything, be it hanging by your toenails or making millions of dollars a day. (lines 19-20) Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, moreover as time passes, the receipt WEARS off. (lines 16-18) Mood whitethorn be set more by heredity (line 20)h.with time, their effect on us weakens/dies off/subsides.i.Lastly, our happiness level may depend on our genes5For Internal Circulation Only j. k. than by anything else (line 20) entirely this raises another question. How IMPORTANT is happiness anyway? (line 23) People with chronic illnesses force themselves as happy, but they would still pay large sums for better health. And although hale individuals are not much happier than quadriplegics, they would pay large sums of money to custody the use of their limbs. (lines 23-26) Some of lifes most SATISFYING experiences (line 26) do not bring happiness. (line 27) Part of the meaning of life is to shoot highs (line 30) and lows (line 30)A life that was CONSTANTLY happy (line 30) was not a GOOD life. (lines 30-31) more than other factors. OR predominantly / mostly Inferred However, the significance / necessity / crucial nature of happiness is still in doubt. Inferred Even purportedly happy people find happiness insufficient Inferred as they are will to pay to ensure certain privileges OR health.l.m.n. o. p. q. r. s.Besides, some of the most cherubic/rewarding experiences do not make us happy. A pregnant life should also have its joyous and sad moments. A life that is always / perpetually happy is not fulfilling.t.u.Do not portion out for point s in the absence of point r. However, there may be at least one Yet, there remains a significant link IMPORTANT relationship between between money and happiness in that money and happiness (lines 31-32) happy people tend to have higher happy people earn more. incomes later on in their lives. (lines 3334) ORSo, slice money may not garter make people happy, macrocosm happy may help them make money. (lines 34-35) Total 21 points, 11 words that cannot be lifted Points 14 12 13 10 11 89 7 56 34 12 mark 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 16For Internal Circulation OnlyWealth does not bring a constant sense of joy as people do not know how to use their money a and have unrealistic expectations b of the enduring joy that they can derive from something c. Other prized possessions e also may not deliver the rewards we wish to have f. Next, our brain is trained to be accustomed to pleasant experiences g as with time, their effect on us subsides h. However, the significance of happiness is still in doubt k. Even supposedly happy people find happiness insufficient l and are free to pay to ensure their health m. Besides, some of the most sweet-smelling experiences n do not make us happy o. A life that is always happy r is also not fulfilling s.Yet, there remains a significant link t between money and happiness happy people earn more u. (16 points, 116 words) Vocabulary 9. Give the meaning of the following words as they are used in the passage. You may write your answer in one word or a short phrase. Passage 1 Futility (line 3) noun Philosophers and gurus, holy books and self-help manuals have all warned of the futility of equating material gain with straightforward well-being Answer should capture Does not achieve purpose OR lacks meaning Negative connotation Intriguing (line 8) adj The intriguing explanation for the abject wealth-to-happiness exchange rate is that the problem is not money, it is us. Answer should capture Arousing longing speciality OR very interesting Intensity 1 mark Ho pelessness Uselessness Lack of purpose or meaning Efforts are in vain Accepted Ineffectiveness Meaningless Pointlessness 0 marks Wastage Worthless venture Failure Improbable Inability foolishness Ability to arouse severe curiosity Fascinating Deeply/very interesting Appeal strongly To captivate Very interesting and unexpected Very interesting and surp uphill Capture interest Arouse curiosity Extremely interesting Thoughtprovoking Interesting indication of intensity is not very apparent Exciting Puzzling Ignorance Surprising Curious Intellectually touch7For Internal Circulation Only impetus (line 40) noun Much of the impetus for discretionary spending even for seeming essentials like cars, houses, and clothes comes from a desire to send certain signals about our buying power and our tastes. Answer should capture The idea of a beat back or drive.Quell (line 45) verb And $5,000 worth of rude(a) stuff, or even $500,000 worth, is unlikely to permanently quell that need. Answer should capture annuling. 1 mark (Sustained) drive Push Motivation A wretched force Impulse Stimulus Boost Accepted Catalyst overindulge Spur Spark Trigger Incentive 0 marks tearaway(a) Penchant Impetuous Attack Assail Reason Subdue Suppress Quiet Satiate / Quench Satisfy Appease Fulfil (incidental / part / whole) Allay Pacify Assuage Vanquish / Defeat wrong scene Stop / Halt / Cease Remove Overthrow / Overcome boil down Oppress Extinguish Destroy / Annihilate Kill Dispel lessen Literally Figuratively Approximately the idea of estimation, not accepted apparently Actually Effectually BasicallyPassage 2 Virtually (line 1) adverb Surveys have found practical(prenominal)ly the same level of happiness between the very copious individuals on the Forbes 400 and the Maasai herdsmen of East Africa. Answer should capture For the most part. Nearly Practically roughly completely Almost wholly Almost entirely For the most part Just about Almost effectively Essentially 8For Internal Circulation Only 10. Application Question Drake Bennett dialog about how pro-social spending can lead to happiness while Matthew Herper argues that money does not lead to happiness. Which writers views do you find more persuasive? Discuss the relevance of the arguments presented in both passages to you and your own society. 8 Answers that refer to only material from one passage would not be awarded more than 3 marks Explanation/evaluation should not just be a paraphrase of authors opinionsPossible points From Passage 1 Bennett 1 back off For deep-seated psychological reasons, when it comes to spending money, we tend to value goods over experiences, ourselves over others, things over people. (lines 9-11) Possible explanations & Spore context relevant In a society that is economically driven more than anything else, this is not a surprise. This drive, whether marked by early economic migration, post-war rebuilding, separation from Malaysia or simply Government push, remains carry on, if not stronger. significant success is storied and sheer narcissistic consumption is validated by commercial as well as social media.Examples 2011 SMU study Sporean women are significantly more materialistic than their American counterparts. Relevance of 5 C cash, recognize plug-in, car, condo, nation club notations despite more than a decade of use non so relevant There is a rising trend of Sporeans spending on people rather than objects in 2007, Finance curate Tharman had indicated clear tax concessions for charity spending and to focus Singapore as a philanthropy hub. More people, not just the rich, are donating bounteous sums to their alumni schools, religious charities and other organizations catering to specific demographics such(prenominal) as the elderly, physically disabled, terminally ill etc.There is also increase in charity through CSR, whether by global MNCs or Spore GLCs. Of course, the real intention behind the generosity is debatable but as corporations form a substantial percentage in a modest workforce, the evidence is mathematically there that we, the management/employees of company X, Y, Z are altruistic and caring. There is a rising trend of social entrepreneurs opening restaurants to help the less fortunate and former prisoners.9For Internal Circulation Only 2 higher prosocial spending gifts for others and donations to charity was indeed jibe with higher selfreported happiness. (lines 18-20) Relevant well-known philanthropists such as popiah king surface-to-air missile Goi, Elim Chew of 77th Street, remisier Peter Lim, Chinese Chamber of Commerce ex-president Chua Thian Poh, Mustaq Ahmad of Mustafa Centre etc have done for(p) on record to say so on report interviews. Hong Kong chargeionaire loves to donate to Singapore, especially for education charity, for the same purported reason.The education system also introduces students to prosocial spen ding. The persistence of students in doing charitable acts also suggests happiness and satisfaction obtained. not so relevant This is not a technical disagreement. While the actual amount on pro-social spending could be higher, it is usually by a small group of uber-rich AND older persons. The majority of Singaporeans, especially youth, have gone on record in many academic surveys that high levels of nuanced self-serving material consumption is more rewarding than engaging in others welfare.The intense hours and anxiety spent on studying/work necessarily need to see material purchases as a direct reward. Perhaps this material reward can THEN lead to social happiness by the envy/admiration they evoke e.g. for a Prada handbag, for the possession of a prized virtual weapon for a Diablo 3 PC online game character. This could be an unintentional consequence of a meritocratic society. Most parents would also largely spend on their children and obtain great satisfaction. 3 money spent o n experiences vacations or theatre tickets or meals out makes you happier than money spent on material goods. (lines 21-23) RelevantPoints to support this will be relatively surd ground on available Singapore studies. Typically, Singaporeans vacationing will envy purchases from overseas theatre ticket purchases locally may indicate a need to belong to a certain materially privileged press rather than the sheer love of the arts. Nevertheless, any qualified evidence is invite to support agreement however the difficulty is in establishing the level of happiness obtained. Not so relevant Typical youth population notes that play World Of Warcraft or getting a new iPhone 4S is far more meaningful middle-aged men and their toy figure collections ladies of all ages on record saying that splurging on themselves, expensive cosmetic treatment more rewarding than anything else refer to any Friday URBAN section of The Straits Times.As mentioned in earlier point, first the money has to be spent on material goods and THEN the experience related or shared can increase your happiness as a corollary. 4 As experiences are inherently more social we are liable also to live the experience Relevant the rise of alumni associations locally, aided by social media, have greatly increased net functional heritage and memorabilia gatherings are on the rise with10For Internal Circulation Only when we see those people again. And past experiences can work as a sort of social adhesive even with people who did not participate with us, providing stories and conversational fodder in a way that a new watch or speedboat rarely can 5 (lines 28-32)Talking about money and happiness in the same breath, it turns out, is not necessarily a surrender to crass materialism it can also be a route to a new and more sympathetic way to think about vitally important things like consumption, satisfaction, investment, and value. (lines 47-50) rich persons being key drivers behind these projects. V arious hobby groups would also be relevant such as cycling clubs, dragon boating groups or cosplay groups. Not so relevant There are hobby groups based on material goods such as car clubs or clubs for owners of toys. Material goods can also generate a sense of nostalgia.Relevant SMU table chairman Ho Kwon Ping and wife Claire Chiang regularly promote pro-social spending and business they are seen as new-age positive materialists and intellectuals. Christina Ong, boss of homegrown confederation 21, is known for widespread charity outreach and growing her business, with equal joyfulness. Not so relevant For the majority of Singaporeans who lack such education or wistful practices, blatant monetary and property acquisition is the norm and only leads to a vicious cycle of debt, miscalculated risk-taking in investment etcFrom Passage 2 1 Extract People generally overestimate the amount of long-term pleasure they will get from a given object. Sometimes, Loewenstein notes, the way p eople spend their money can actually make them less happy. (lines 8-10) Possible explanations & Spore context Relevant Just the consumer electronics industry here can attest to this spending on upgrading of Apple smartphones from 3Gs to 4 to 4S disposing of exist LCD for widescreen and 3D monitors, graphics cards in favour of new ones even though all are fully functional rising number of secondhand com reposeer parts shops is evidence of increasing applied science shopping, which ultimately leaves one unhappy and insecure in the face of inability to keep up with the latest.While the tech spending may supposedly be mostly for males, the females display this overestimation of long-term pleasure in copious fashion couture purchases and cosmetics.The increase in level of credit card debt is also an indication of less happiness as a result of overspending. Not to relevant A basic level of income is necessary in Singapore to live a comfortable life. With a median category income of S$6000, anyone earning less would be hard pressed to live comfortably. In wired Singapore, having electronic goods is a necessity and can help strike more happiness in name of education and interacting with peers. 2 The central problem is that the human brain becomes Relevant Just looking at government financial decisions which affect the majority of the population after a while,11For Internal Circulation Only conditioned to positive experiences. Getting a chunk of unexpected money registers as a good thing, but as time passes, the response wears off. An expected paycheck does not bring any buzz at all  and does not contribute to boilers suit happiness. (lines 15-19) Not so relevant Since the Singapore population composition keeps changing with addition of foreigners, for the majority of the new citizens, this buzz is sustained. As Singaporeans also transit more, they might be more aware of societies which are not as fortunate as Singapore.Relevant procreation a family is universally seen as rewarding the Government keeps promoting childbearing YET almost the first twenty dollar bill years of a local child causes much stress for parents working mothers post-maternity leave and the perennial maid/mother/mother-in-law management young couples griping about childcare and alternative primary schools until the child is in a choice pri school and moving on to a premier sec sch, the parents put themselves under great duress. There is growing feeling that work-life balance is impracticable and people are focusing more on their careers.Not so relevant Hard to convince for majority local context but there is evidence that a positive change in attitudes to raising children is present, thanks to religious organizations, pro-family policies, national movements e.g. DadsForLife. There are people who are giving up their careers for the sake of their children. There is also a push for women to return to the workforce after raising their children initially. 4 ha ppy people tend to have higher incomes later on in their lives. So, while money may not help make people happy, being happy may help them make money. (lines 33-35) RelevantThere are professional who have given up their careers to take up their passions such as opening restaurants and bakeries, and they are doing well. There is an increasing number of entrepreneurs who follow up on their passions. The main issue here is that happiness is independent of money and they do not have any links. Not so relevant In 2012, Spore ranks high in benchmarks of physical comforts healthiest country in the world, richest country in the world BUT ranks 90th in Happiness Index.Almost the entire local labour force can be on record for having technically higher incomes through their lives but the cost of living never lets up. Singaporeans are not happy or not happy enough but they keep making money anyway. the public becomes numb to the governments welltimed monetary handouts and utility bill/town cou ncil fee reductions the public expects more consultative engagement for sustained happiness. Recent feedback from the public seems to suggest that people overlook what is good in Singapore and focus on only the negative in terms of healthcare, transportation, housing, and standards of living. Possible reasons could be a lack of sufficient information about life in other societies and countries.3Some of lifes most satisfying experiences do not bring happiness. For instance, having children actually makes people less happy over the short term (lines 26-28)12

Chinese Moon Festival Essay

Oh my gosh The Chinese synodic month fete is coming up and I totally cannot stay Just come down back of the moon bars, chestnuts, sweet potatoes, strain balls and the big feast (with lobster, shrimp and ect. ) when our relatives come over makes me drool. Oh, and whirling with the toy lanterns at night (I guess Im too old for that) Im sorry, and I believe of Im just too excited because the Chinese lunation fiesta is my 2nd favorite holiday in Chinese use and its coming up on September 22nd (this year) Its just 2 more weeks In order to celebrate and pay off the spirit of the lunation Festival, youll need to know the story behind it. at that place are lots of legends about it, except the one that my nanna tells me and my siblings apiece year has happened in Chinese history. Ok, so long, long ago when the Chinese was in war with the Mongols for rebellion, the Chinese was banned to turn in to discuss things together. This do it almost impossible to make plans and overth row the Mongols. Knowing that the Mongols swallow up anything but moon cakes, this person called Zhu Luanzhang had an idea. He timed the plot to overthrow the Mongols. consequently he asked permission to give out thousands of moon cakes to the Chinese residents of the urban center to bless the Mongol king with longevity.However inside the moon cake had a paper that readkill the Mongols on the 15th day of the 8th month. So that night on the Moon Festival the Chinese success safey attacked and overthrow the Mongols. And this is why we celebrate the Moon Festival and eat moon cakes. Now that you know the story its time to canvass how my family and I celebrate the Moon Festival. Every year BEFORE the Moon Festival we would have to visit our relatives and people that close to us with a box of moon cakes or money enough to purchase a box of moon cakes if you forgot to get one. This shows that you respect them and bless them (expesscially to the elder ones). thusly a day before the M oon Festival my florists chrysanthemum, microscopical brother, little sister and I would go to China town and do approximately shopping. We would buy some food for the big dinner (last year we do lobster). Then we would buy moon cakes, chestnuts, peanuts, fruits, rice cakes, and rice balls. Then our mom would let us pick a toy lantern we like, for the night walk on the day of the Moon Festival (quick reference lanterns symbolize earnest luck) On the big day, my sister and I have a sincerely large chore, we would have to clean up and decorate almost the all house and the yard. After cleaning up I would assistance my grandma cook. Her dishes are everlastingly the bestThis year my grandma plans to make crab, the soup, the rice and her famous fruit tart for leave. After cooking I would help my popping and grandpa to raiment up the tables at the yard. Later we would wait for the relatives to come and greet them. The relatives would bring in yummy dishes for the dinner or boxe s of moon cakes. Then they would hug each other, talk, and ask really bore questions and comments (like Wow look how tall you grew). I would talk to my cousins around my while and the little kids will play together. After all the gibberish we would set all the dishes on the food tables in the yard. Then we feast And talk.For cede my grandma would serve moon cakes and fruit tart (for this year). After desert we would have a performance and every year our grandma would always hold a puppet show about the story of the Moon Festival (I have to admit my grandma is pretty cool). During the year my cousins, friends and I have been emailing each other to plan the performance. This year my sister and I are going to play a song called The Moon Symbolizes My internality on the violin. When the performance is done, its time for everyone to go home. After everyone leaves, my dad will bring my siblings and me for a walk with our lanterns and admire the beautiful full moon.Then we would clean up some of the things and leave the rest for tomorrow. I have to tell you, its really tiring. But its outlay it. Its nice to see my relatives for so long. And I love the food. And its great to get to know more about my relatives. I think it is really fun playing with my cousins. Oh yes, since Im the teacher, you will have a homework assignment. I would want you to do something for the Moon Festival like try some moon cakes, have a family dinner, buy or make a lantern and have a stroll at night, or tell about the moon festival to other people. alike(p) I told you, that the moon festival is 14 days later and I cant wait

Like Water for Chocolate Essay

Like Water For Chocolate by Laura Squalevella Bantam Doubleday dell Pub (Trd) ISBN 0553472550 Copy right hand 1994 CHAPTER ONE. JANUARY. Chrutnuw Ro/ INGREDIENTS 1 nooky of arOin 1/2 choriw aaye oreyano 1 spate of chitej rrano 10 haro ro PREPARATION Take care to chop the onion fine. To go forward from strident when you chop it (which is so annoying), I call down you infinite a smaller bit on your head. The trouble with crying over an onion is that once the chopping gets you started and the weeping begin to well up, the contiguous thing you hump you conscionable fannyt stop. I usurpt k immediately whether thats ever happened to you, hardly I commit to confess its happened to me, publicy b haves. mum utilize to study it was beca single-valued function I was especially sensitive to onions, equivalent my great-aunt, Tita. Tita was so sensitive to onions, any clip they were beingness chopped, they advance she would just cry and cry, when she was lifelessness in my greatgrand overprotects belly her sobs were so loud that point Nancha, the cook, who was halfdeaf, could memorize them easily. Once her lamenting got so violent that it brought on an early labor. And before my greatgrandmother could let bug out(a) a word or even a whimper, Tita do her trance into this world, prematurely, right in that respect on the kitchen elude amid the smells of simmering noodle soup, thyme, verbalise leaves, and cilantro, steamed milk, garlic, and, of course, onion. Tita had no aim for the usual slap on the bottom, because she was already crying as she emerged, maybe that was because she knew then that it would be her lot in life to be denied marriage. The port Nancha t aged it, Tita was literally washed into this world on a great tide of tears that spilled over the edge of the table and flooded across the kitchen floor.That afternoon, when the uproar had subsided and the water had been dried up by the sun, Nancha swept up the residue the tears had left on the passing st whiz floor. There was enough salt to overeat a ten-pound sack-it was used for cooking and lasted a immense epoch. Thanks to her unusual birth, Tita matt-up a deep get it on for the kitchen, where she spent most(prenominal) of her life from the day she was born. When she was that deuce days old, Titas father, my great-grandfather, died of a find outt attack and mammy Elenas milk dried up from the shock. Since there was no much(prenominal)(prenominal) thing as powdered milk in those days, and they couldnt posit somewhat a wet nurse anywhere, they were in a panic to gather the infants hunger.Nancha, who knew everything about cooking-and frequently more that doesnt premise the picture until later offered to choose chargeof feeding Tita. She felt she had the crush receive of educating the innocent childs stomach, even though she had never mauled or had children. Though she didnt know how to read or write, when it came to cooking she knew everythin g there was to know. mom Elena accepted her offer gratefully, she had enough to do amidst her lament and the enormous responsibility of running the ranch and it was the ranch that would provide her children the sustenance and education they deserved-without having to worry about feeding a newborn cocker on top of everything else.From that day on, Titas domain was the kitchen, where she grew vigorous and well-grounded on a diet of teas and thin corn gruels. This explains the sixth wizard Tita developed about everything concerning food. Her eating habits, for example, were attuned to the kitchen routine in the morning, when she could smell that the beans were ready, at midday, when she sensed the water was ready for plucking the chickens, and in the afternoon, when the dinner bread was baking, Tita knew it was time for her to be fed. Sometimes she would cry for no reason at all, standardised when Nancha chopped onions, and since they both knew the cause of those tears, they d idnt pay them much mind. They made them a source of entertainment, so that during her childhood Tita didnt strike out between tears of laughter and tears of sorrow.For her laughing was a coordinate of crying. Likewise for Tita the joy of living was wrapped up in the delights of food. It wasnt easy for a person whose knowledge of life was based onthe kitchen to perceive the outside world. That world was an interminable expanse that began at the door between the kitchen and the rest of the house, whereas everything on the kitchen side of that door, on through the door leading to the patio and the kitchen and herb gardens was altogether hers-it was Titas echtm. Her sisters were just the opposite to them, Titas world seemed full of unknown dangers, and they were terrified of it. They felt that playing in the kitchen was bourgeonish and dangerous. barely once, Tita managed to convince them to collapse her in watching the blatant display made by dancing water drops dribbled on a red hot griddle.While Tita was singing and waving her wet manpower in time, showering drops of water down on the griddle so they would dance, Rosaura was cowering in the corner stunned by the display. Gertrudis, on the other hand, found this halting enticing, and she threw herself into it with the enthusiasm she always showed where rhythm, movement, or music were involved. indeed Rosaura had tried to join them-but since she barely moistened her hands and then shook them gingerly, her efforts didnt generate the coveted effect. So Tita tried to move her hands closer to the griddle. Rosaura resisted, and they struggled for control until Tita became nettle and let go, so that pieceum carried Rosauras hands onto it. Tita got a fearsome spanking for that, and she was forbidden to play with her sisters in her own world. Nancha became her playmate then. unneurotic they made up all sorts of games and activities having to do with cooking. Like the day they proverb a man in the vill age plaza twisting long thin balloons into animal shapes, and they trenchant to do it with sausages. They didnt just piddle away real animals, they also made up some of their own, creatures with the neck of a swan, the legs of a dog, the tail of a horse, and on and on. Then there was trouble, however, when the animals had to be taken apart to fry the sausage. Tita refused to do it. The tho time she was spontaneous to take them apart was when the sausage was intended for the Christmas rolls she loved so much. Then she non only allowed her animals to be dismantled, she watched them fry with glee. The sausage for the rolls must be fried over very low heat, so that it cooks thoroughly without getting too brown. When d unmatchable, remove from the heat and tot the sardines, which hold in been deboned beforehand of time. Any melanise spots on the skin should also ready been scraped off with a knife.Combine the onions, chopped chiles, and the ground oregano with the sardines. a llow the mixture stand before pickaxe the rolls. Tita enjoyed this step enormously, while the determine full was resting, it was very pleasant to savor its aroma, for smells take the power to evoke the past, take back sounds and even other smells that have no match in the present. Tita liked to take a deep breath and let the peculiar(prenominal) smoke and smell transport her through the recesses of her memory. It was useless to try to find the depression time she had smelled one of those rolls-she couldnt, possibly because it had been before she was born. It might have been the unusual combination of sardines and sausages that had called to her and made her decide to trade the peace of aired existence in Mama Elenas belly for life as her daughter, in order to enter the De la Garza family and share their delicious meals and rattling(prenominal) sausage.On Mama Elenas ranch, sausage making was a real ritual. The day before, they started peeling garlic, cleaning chiles, and g rinding spices. All the women in the family had to take part Mama Elena, her daughters, Gertrudis, Rosaura, and Tita, Nancha, the cook. And Chencha, the maid. They gathered around the diningroom table in the afternoon, and between the public lecture and the joking the time flew by until it started to get dark. Then Mama Elena would say Thats it for today. For a good listener, it is said, a single word pull up stakes suffice, so when they listen that, they all sprang into action. First they had to clear the table, then they had to specialize tasks one collected the chickens, a nonher drew water for breakfast from the well, a third was in charge of wood for the stove. There would be no ironing, no embroidery, no hoisting that day.When it was all finished, they went to their bedrooms to read, say their prayers, and go to sleep. oneness afternoon, before Mama Elena told them they could leave the table, Tita, who was then fifteen, announced in a trembling voice that Pedro Muzquiz would like to come and speak with her. After an endless silence during which Titas soul shrank, Mama Elena asked And why should this gentleman postulate to come talk to me? Titas answer could barely be heard I dont know. Mama Elena threw her a look that seemed to Tita to consist all the years of repression that had flowed over the family, and said If he intends to ask for your hand, ensure him not to bother.Hell be wasting his time and mine too. You know abruptly well that being the youngest daughter means you have to take care of me until the day I die. With that Mama Elena got slowly to her feet, put her glaze in her apron, and said in a tone of final bidding . II Thats it for today. Tita knew that discussion was not one of the forms of conference permitted in Mama Elenas household, but even so, for the unobjectionableman time in her life, she intended to protest her mothers ruling. provided in my persuasion You dont have an credit, and thats all I insufficiency to hea r about it. For generations, not a single person in my family has ever questioned this tradition, and no daughter of mine is passing to be the one to start.Tita lowered her head, and the realization of her fate struck her as forcibly as her tears struck the table. From then on they knew, she and the table, that they could never have even the slightest voice in the unknown forces that fated Tita to bow before her mothers absurd decision, and the table to continue to receive the bitter tears that she had first shed on the day of her birth. Still Tita did not submit. anxieties sprang to her mind. Doubts andthe beneathmentioned week she didnt speak a single word to her. What passed for communication between them resumed when Mama Elena, who was inspecting the clothes each of the women had been sewing, discovered that Titas creation, which was the most perfect, had not been basted before it was sewed. Congratulations, she said, your stitches are perfect -but you didnt haste it, did yo u? No, answered Tita, dazed that the sentence of silence had been revoked. Then go and rip it out. Baste it and sew it over again and then come and show it to me. And remember that the lazy man and the stingy man end up walking their road twice. But thats if a person makes a mistake, and you yourself said a wink ago that my sewing was . Are you starting up with your rebelliousness again? Its enough that you have the audacity to break the rules in your sewing.Im gruesome, Mami. I wont ever do it again. With that Tita succeeded in calming Mama Elenas anger. For once she had been very careful, she had called her Mami in the line up tone of voice. Mama Elena felt that the word Mama had a snotty-nosed sound to it, and so, from the time they were little, she had ordered her daughters to use the word Mami when speaking to her. The only one who resisted, the only one who said the word without the proper conformity was Tita, which had earned her plenty of slaps. But how perfectly she had said it this time Mama Elena took comfort in the hopeFor one thing, she wanted to know who started this family tradition. It would be nice if she could let that genius know about one little flaw in this perfect plan for taking care of women in their old age. If Tita couldnt adopt and have children, who would take care of her when she got old? Was there a solution in a case like that? Or are daughters who stay home and take care of their mothers not expected to survive too long after the parents death? And what about women who marry and cant have children, who impart take care of them?And besides, shed like to know what kind of studies had accomplished that the youngest daughter and not the eldest is scoop out suited to care for their mother. Had the opinion of the daughter affected by the plan ever been taken into paper? If she couldnt marry, was she at least allowed to experience love? Or not even that? Tita knew perfectly well that all these questions would have to be co nceal forever in the archive of questions that have no answers. In the De la Garza family, one obeyedimmediately. Ignoring Tita completely, a very angry Mama Elena left the kitchen, and for that she had finally managed to subdue her youngest daughter. Unfortunately her hope was short-lived, for the very next day Pedro Muzquiz appeared at the house, his esteemed father at his side, to ask for Titas hand in marriage. His arrival caused a huge uproar, as his visit was completely unexpected. several(prenominal) days earlier Tita had sent Pedro a message via Nanchas companion asking him to abandon his suit.The brother swore he had delivered the message to Pedro, and yet, there they were, in the house. Mama Elena received them in the living room, she was super polite and explained why it was impossible for Tita to marry. But if you really want Pedro to get married, allow me to insinuate my daughter Rosaura, whos just two years older than Tita. She is one hundred percent available, an d ready for marriage At that Chencha almost dropped right onto Mama Elena the tray containing coffee and cookies, which she had carried into the living room to offer don Pascual and his son.Excusing herself, she hotfoot back to the kitchen, where Tita, Rosaura, and Gertrudis were delay for her to fill them in on every power point about what was going on in the living room. She burst hasty into the room, and they all immediately stopped what they were doing, so as not to scat a word she said. They were together in the kitchen making Christmas Rolls. As the promise implies, these rolls are usually prepared around Christmas, but today they were being prepared in honor of Titas birthday. She would presently be xvi years old, and she wanted to celebrate with one of her favorite dishes.Isnt that something? Your ma talks about being ready for marriage like she was dishing up a plate of enchiladas And the worse thing is, theyre completely various You cant just switch tacos and ench iladas like that Chencha kept up this kind of running commentary as she told the others-in her own way, of course-about the scene she had just witnessed. Tita knew Chencha sometimes exaggerated and distorted things, so she held her aching heart in check. She would not accept what she had just heard. Feigning calm, she continued cutting the rolls for her sisters and Nancha to fill. It is best to use homemade rolls. Hard rolls can easily be obtained from a bakery, but they should be small, the larger ones are unsuited for this recipe. After filling the rolls, bake for ten minutes and serve hot.For best results, leave the rolls out overnight, wrapped in a cloth, so that the grease from the sausage soaks into the bread. When Tita was complete wrapping the next days rolls, Mama Elena came into the kitchen and informed them that she had agree to Pedros marriage-to Rosaura. Hearing Chenchas story confirmed, Tita felt her corpse fill with a wintry chill in one sharp, quick flaming she wa s so cold and dry her cheeks burned and turned red, red as the apples beside her. That overpowering chill a lasted a long time, and she could find no respite, not even when Nancha told her what she had overheard as she escorted don Pascual Muzquiz and his son to the ranchs gate. Nancha followed them, walking as quietly as she could in order to hear the conversation between father and son. Don Pascual and Pedro were walking slowly, speaking in low, controlled, angry voices.Why did you do that, Pedro? It will look ridiculous, your agreeing to marry Rosaura. What happened to the pure(a) love you swore to Tita? Arent you going to keep that vow? Of course Ill keep it. When youre told theres no way you can marry the woman you love and your only hope of being sur hardihood her is to marry her sister, wouldnt you do the same? Nancha didnt manage to hear the answer, Pulque, the ranch dog, wentrunning by, barking at a rabbit he mistook for a cat. So you intend to marry without love? No, Pap a, I am going to marry with a great love for Tita that willnever die. Their voices grew less and less audible, drowned out by the crackling of dried leaves beneath their feet. How strange that Nancha, who was quite hard of hearing by that time, should have claimed to have heard this conversation.Still, Tita thanked Nancha for make knowning her-but that did not interchange the icy touchs she began to have for Pedro. It is said that the deaf cant hear but can understand. Perhaps Nancha only heard what everyone else was white-lipped to say. Tita could not get to sleep that night, she could not find the words for what she was stamp. How unfortunate that black holes in space had not yet been discovered, for then she might have tacit the black hole in the center of her chest, infinite low temperature flowing through it. Whenever she closed her eyes she saw scenes from last Christmas, the first time Pedro and his family had been invited to dinner1 the scenesgrew more and more vivid, and the cold within her grew sharper.Despite the time that had passed since that evening, she remembered it perfectly the sounds, the smells, the way her new dress had grazed the new(a)ly wax floor, the look Pedro gave her . . . That look She had been walking to the table carrying a tray of formal-yolk candies when she first felt his hot gaze burning her skin. She turned her head, and her eyes met Pedros. It was then she understood how dough feels when it is plunged into boiling oil. The heat that invaded her body was so real she was afraid she would start to bubble-her face, her stomach, her heart, her breasts-like batter, and unable to endure his gaze she lowered her eyes and hurriedly crossed the room, to where Gertrudis was pedaling the player piano, playing a waltz called the Eyes of Youth.She set her tray on a little table in the middle of the room, picked up a spyglass of Noyo liquor that was in front of her, hardly mindful of what she was doing, and sat down next to P aquita Lobo, the De Ia Carzas neighbor. But even that distance between herself and Pedro was not enough1 she felt her blood pulsing, searing her veins. A deep flush suffused her face and no matter how she tried she could not find a place for her eyes to rest. Paquita saw that something was bothering her, and with a look of great concern, she asked That liquor is exquisite strong, isnt it? Pardon me? You look a little woozy, Tita. Are you feeling all right? Yes, thank you. Youre old enough to have a little drink on a special occasion, but tell me, you little devil, did your mama say it was okay? I can see youre excited-youre shaking and Im sorry but I must say youd better not have any more. You wouldnt want to make a fool of yourself. That was the last straw To have Paquita Lobo think she was drunk.She couldnt allow the tiniest disbelief to remain in Paquitas mind or she might tell her mother. Titas fear of her mother was enough to make her forget Pedro for a moment, and she applie d herself to convincing Paquita, any way she could, that she was thinking clearly, that her mind was alert. She chatted with her, she gossiped, she made small talk. She even told her the recipe for this Noyo liquor which was supposed to have had such an effect on her. The liquor is made by soaking quad ounces of peaches and a half pound of apricots in water for twenty-four hours to bait the skin1 next, they are peeled, crushed, and steeped in hot water for fifteen days. Then the liquor is distilled.After two and a half pounds of ice lolly have been completely dissolved in the water, four ounces of orange-flower water are added, and the mixture is stirred up and strained. And so there would be no lingering doubts about her intellectual and physical well-being, she reminded Paquita, as if it were just an aside, that the water containers held 2.016 liters, no more and no less. So when Mama Elena came over to ask Paquita if she was being properly entertained, she replied enthusiast ically. Oh yes, perfectly You have such wonderful daughters. Such fascinating conversation Mama Elena sent Tita to the kitchen to get something for the guests.Pedro happened to be walking by at that moment and he offered his answer. Tita rushed off to the kitchen without a word. His presence made her extremely uncomfortable. He followed her in, and she quickly sent him off with one of the trays of delicious snacks that had been waiting on the kitchen table. She would never forget the moment their hands accidentally touched(p) as they both slowly bent down to pick up the same tray. That was when Pedro confessed his love. Sen on to Tita, I would like to take advantage of this fortune to be alone with you to tell you that I am deeply in love with you. I know this declaration is presumptuous, and that its quite sudden, but its so hard to get near you that I decided to tell you tonight. All I ask is that you tell me whether I can hope to win your love.I dont know what to say . give me time to think. No, no, I cant I need an answer now you dont have to think about love, you either feel it or you dont. I am a man of few words, but my word is my pledge. I swear that my love for you will last forever. What about you? Do you feel the same way about me? Yes Yes, a thousand times. From that night on she would love him forever. And now she had to give him up. It wasnt decent to desire your sisters succeeding(a) husband. She had to try to put him out of her mind somehow, so she could get to sleep. She started to eat the Christmas Roll Nancha hadleft out on her bureau, along with a glass of milk, this remedy had proven effective many times. Nancha, with all her experience, knew that for Tita there was no pain that wouldnt disappear if she ate a delicious Christmas Roll. But this time it didnt work. She felt no relief from the hollow whizz in her stomach. Just the opposite, a wave of nausea flowed over her. She realize that the hollow sensation was not hunger but an icy feeling of grief. She had to get rid of that terrible sensation of cold. First she put on a wool robe and a heavy cloak. The cold still gripped her. Then she put on felt slippers and another two shawls.No good. Finally she went to her sewing box and pulled out the bedspread she had started the day Pedro first spoke of marriage. A bedspread like that, a crocheted one, takes about a year to complete. Exactly the length of time Pedro and Tita had planned to wait before getting married. She decided to use the yarn, not to let it go to waste, and so she worked on the bedspread and wept furiously, weeping and working until dawn, and threw it over herself. It didnt help at all. Not that night, nor many others, for as long as she lived, could she supererogatory herself from that cold. TO BE CONTINUED Next months recipe, Chabeta weooina Cake. CHAPTER TWO. FEBRUARY. Chabefa Wany Cake INGREDIENTS. clxxv aranw refinco granetlate0 uyar 300 yram cover flour, fteo three tim& 17eay arateo pee l of one slaked lime PREPARATION Place five egg yolks, four whole ball, and the sugar in a large bowl. Beat until the mixture thickens and then add two more whole eggs repeat, adding the remaining eggs two at a time until all the eggs have been added. To make the cake for Pedro and Rosauras marriage ceremony, Tita and Nancha had to multiply this recipe by ten, since they were preparing a cake not for eighteen people but for 180.Therefore, they needed 170 eggs,which meant they had to fix to have that subject of good eggs on thesame day. To get that number of eggs together, they preserved all the eggs laid by the best hens for several weeks. This preserving technique had been employed on the ranch since time aged to ensure a supply of this nourishing and indispensable food end-to-end the winter. The best time to preserve eggs is August or September. The eggs must be very fresh. Nancha preferred to use only eggs laid the same day.The eggs are placed in a cask containing crumbled sheep fodder, allowed to cool, and then covered completely. This will keep the eggs fresh for months. If you want them to keep for more than a year, place the eggs in an earthenware crock and cover them with a ten-percent lime solution. Cover tightly to keep the air out and store in the wine cellar. Tita and Nancha had chosen to use the first method because they didnt need to keep the eggs fresh for that many months. They had placed the cask containing the preserved eggs between them under the kitchen table and were taking the eggs out of it as they put the cake together. When she had beaten barely a hundred eggs, the phenomenal energy need for the task began to have a bad effect on Titas mood. To reach the goal of 170 seemed unimaginable.Tita beat the mixture while Nancha broke the eggs and added them to it. A fit of trembling shook Titas body and she broke out in goose bumps when each new egg was broken. The egg whites reminded her of the testicles of the chickens they had castr ated the month before. Roosters that are castrated and then fill out up are called capons. The family had decided to serve capons at Pedro and Rosauras wedding because they would impress everyone with the quality of the dinner, as much for the amount of work involve in their preparation as for the extraordinary flavor of the birds themselves.As soon as the date of the wedding was set for the twelfth of January, they ordered two hundred roosters to be bought for castrating and fattening up. This task fell to Tita and Nancha. Nancha because of her experience and Tita as punishment for feigning a headache to avoid her sister Rosauras engagement. I wont stand for disobedience, Mama Elena told her, nor am going to allow you to ruin your sisters wedding, with your acting like a victim. Youre in charge of all the preparations starting now, and dont ever let me catch you with a single tear or even a long face, do you hear?

Owen’s perception on religion based on Anthem for Doomed Youth and Futility Essay

How would you describe Owens perception on pietism based on hymn for Doomed Youth and Futility?Owen questioned the worldly concern of worship by and through different ways in twain verse form. In Anthem for Doomed Youth, he utilize war related cooking stoves to replace what a normal funeral would have which in contrast shows the absence of religion. For Futility, he questioned the existence of God when it is needed. Both expression suggests he was not a assistant of religion instead he has a strong point of look on on it. His view on religion could be impacted by the despair that was caused by war.The tone of the first stanza in Futility was very gentle. The digit of the sun suggests light, readyth, hope and plain divinity fudge himself. Owen personified the sun as ageing and kind adding agileth to the tone. The warm tone of the first four lines of the poem suggests he once had faith in religion even in France which could be a reference to war. Until the soldier was killed on this morning and this deoxycytidine monophosphate. The word morning moves like mourning creating a sad resource and snow which suggests the cold, the opposite of warmth, the d unfairness. Although the soldiers lifespan was already taken he still had faith in god, he believed there competency be a possibility that the sun, the god could go life from wild over again.Moving on the second stanza, the change of tone is very obvious. This is suggested through the de whileding word think. The harsh k sound conveys the frustration and discouragement the poet has for god. Seeds suggests growth and clays of the cold star is a biblical imagery because man argon made from clay, both suggests the beginning of life. If the sun is the mother of earth why cant he resurrect this soldier notwithstanding God himself rose from the dead? Yet the many stories of God mend man from all sort of diseases are given life again but not this fallen soldier whose body is still warm? Owen de scribed the body as so dear-achieved, this is a praise to gods creation.Why could god create such(prenominal) majestic human race even so he could not flirt life back to the solider? present Owen repetitively questioned and mocked the existence of god, where is he when he is needed? Was it for this the clay grew uplifted this line is very important because it links to the title of the poem, Futility, what is the point of life when it ends in death, again a heavy tone of mockery is hinted through this line. Owen described the sunbeams as fatuous again the pointlessness of the sending warm to mankind when all they do is brutally destroy each other, indirectly calling god foolish and questioning his existence. Rhetorical questions are repetitively used to express the poets frustration, the pointlessness of life and to make the ratifiers think.Anthem for Doomed Youth the title is a collocation as a opening to a poem full of irony. end-to-end the entire poem Owen compared religiou s rituals to striking war imagery suggesting religion are not the saints they claim to be,instead meet like war they are also covered in blood and sins.Owen opened the poem with a rhetorical question emphasizing on the worthlessness of the lives of the soldiers. The intention of Passing-bells was to bring attention that the soul is now passing to the other world and scare the devil away from obtaining this soul yet Owen compared the bells to monstrous anger of the guns and stuttering rifles speedy rattle. The word monstrous suggests destruction,death and evilness. Alliteration was used to mimic the sound of gun fires. Using these evil death related imagery as a substitute for passing bells suggests the devil have already obtained these souls,the evil won.The soldiers died as a cattle,could be linked to religious rituals such as sacrifice. But not sacrificing for the kind but the evil. Hasty was used to describe the eulogy for the soldiers,theres no time for respectful eulogy,the w ar would not stop for one fallen soldier or even hundreds it will still go on. These soldiers are just sacrifices to the bigger image since the churches at the time supported war,they believed it was rein-acting the bible,they believed these deaths were worth it because they thought it will bring them to a better place. Again the irony,churches were suppose to spread peace yet they were the one who supported violence,they supported the evil acts. No mockeries for the soldiers because their deaths have no dignity nor honour. It also suggests the attitude Owen has for religion, mockeries as these religion rituals are just for the surface.These rituals does not make their deaths more honourable, does not take away ruthfulness from their family ,does not bring their lives back. The confusing comparisons Owen listed throughout the poem by substituting evil images for religious rituals makes the reader question if there is a divergence between light and dark,could it be the same thing? Could the church be the devil in disguise? All these religion rituals at a funeral could be a mask for the dirty works of the devil,as a simplicity for the family believing that their loved ones died honourably when their bodies was simply lined up and throw into the underground which links to hell,going back to who they served in the war the devil.These two poems both expressed Owens perception on religion very clearly. He questioned the existence and purpose of religion.

Symbolism in Guy de Maupassant’s “The Necklace”

Hayley Hughes Professor Fowler English 1102 9 February 2013 Short Story taste Guy de Maupassants short level The Necklace uses a infield necklace to signify two different things. The first thing the necklace represents is that deceiving others will lead to virtuosos downfall. The necklace also symbolizes how the effects of greed can change a someone. In the story, the reader considers the main characters personal appendage from beginning to end due to losing a adamant necklace.Mathilde Loisels flavour is turned upside down because she was materialistic, that by the end of the story Mathilde is wiser and more admirable. Mathilde changed in ways that could non piss been possible had she not lost the necklace. The story opens with the beautiful Mathilde Loisel fantasizing about luxuries she and her husband cannot afford. When her husband comes main office with an invitation to an exclusive party, she is upset because she does not have anything fancy to wear. blush aft(pre nominal) her husband gives her some currency for a dress, she then complains about not having jewelry.Since she does not own any expensive jewlery, Mathilde goes to her friend Madame Forestier and borrows a baseball field necklace. She absolutely loves the necklace and when she and her husband attend the party, everyone notices her and the necklace. After they return from the party, Mathilde is sees she has lost the necklace. However, quite of telling Madame Forestier that the necklace had been lost, Mathilde buys a replacement necklace worth 40,000 francs and gives that to her friend hoping she would not see the difference.She and her husband then spend the next ten geezerhood working to pay for the cost of the necklace only to find out that the original necklace had been a fake. Even though her hardship could have been avoided completely, Mathilde became a better person from of losing the necklace. The necklace is the main symbol in The Necklace. What is a symbol? According to lit An Introduction to development and Writing, a symbol is a substitute for the elements world signified, (Roberts and Zweig, 382). The necklace could be considered a cultural symbol.A cultural symbol is universally accept (Roberts and Zweig, 383). Out of all the jewelry Mathilde could have chosen, she chose the diamond necklace. Maupassant most plausibly chose a diamond necklace because people would recognize the gravity of the situation in the story most people could understand the value of a diamond necklace as opposed to some of the other jewelry mentioned in the story, which makes the diamond necklace a cultural symbol. The necklace could also be considered a contextual symbol.Unlike a cultural symbol, a contextual symbol gets its meaning from the story (Roberts and Zweig, 383-384). In this story, the necklace represents the fact that appearances are not always what they seem and that the bitter righteousness of reality can lead to ones downfall. Mathilde necessitys t o wear a diamond necklace in order for people to think she is wealthier than she is. When she borrows it from Madame Forestier, who is wealthier than Mathilde, she has no occasion to believe that the necklace is a fake.Because Mathilde thinks the diamonds as universe real, she thinks that others will believe she is crocked too. In deceiving others of her wealth, she essentially deceives herself. For example, when it is time for them to leave the party her husband gives her the shawl she brought she does not want anyone to see her wearing the shawl because it reminded her that she was not wealthy and she did not want anyone to find out. She wants to live out this fantasy as foresighted as she possibly can and runs outside with the shawl hoping no one will notice.When she loses the necklace, she is brought ass to reality and must deal with the consequences. Instead of accepting her reality that she was not wealthy and being acquisitive, she set herself up for disaster. The neckl ace symbolizes greed and how it can reach a person. In the beginning of the story, Mathilde is greedy. She pities herself for not being born into a wealthy family, claiming it was an error of destiny, (Maupassant, 200). She and her husband are most likely middle-class, but she is still unhappy with their financial status. Her husband, Mr. Loisel, is the exact opposite.He takes pleasure in the petty things, even praising his wifes beef stew dapple she daydreamed about the finest cuisines (Maupassant, 200). All he wants to do is please his wife, but Mathilde is neer satisfied. It is because of her greed that she ends up borrowing the necklace in the first place. After losing the necklace and tolerant the replacement to her friend, not only had the Loisels lifestyle changed, but Mathilde also started to change. She had to do cleaning jobs to earn money, dressed in cheap clothes, and argued with food vendors about the price of their goods in order to save every penny.After the ten years of hard labor, the story describes Mathilde as the strong, hard, and rude woman of poor households, (Maupassant, 204). Even though she still reminisced about the party, unlike before where she pitied herself for not being wealthy, now she contemplates what her life would be like had she not been so greedy in borrowing the necklace. She questions how something as small as a necklace could have such a big impact on her life give tongue to How little a thing it takes to destroy you or to save you, (Maupassant, 204).The necklace two destroyed her and saved her. Even though she had to deal with ten long years of working to pay back the money, losing the necklace symbolizes Mathilde losing her greediness and gaining the knowledge that money does not lead to happiness. Works Cited Page De Maupassant, Guy. The Necklace. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. Roberts, Edgar V. , and Robert Zweig. 10th ed. Illinois Pearson, 2012. 200-205. Print. Roberts, Edgar V. , and Ro bert Zweig. Literature An Introduction to Reading and Writing. 10th ed. Illinois Pearson, 2012. Print.

Characteristics of the breakfast cereal industry Essay

Brand History Breakfast cereals argon non a homogenous product. The ready-to-eat eat cereal perseverance may be characterized by relatively low economies of scale and relatively low levels of technology. In early(a) words, the entry into this manufacturing is easy. Between the 1950s and the 1970s there was no entry of new firms in the effort even though altogether the incumbent firms such as Kellogg, cosmopolitan mill, familiar Foods and Quaker Oats, do significant profits.Later however, there was the entry of new low-end companies in the grocery stores and the chassis of markings sold by these firms alike increased substantially from 25 to more than 80, and this number is still on a rise (Cabral, 2000, p. 265-266). Pricing trends For decades the eat cereal market was one of the most profitable in the join States. The industry had a consolidated building dominated by Kellogg, General Mills and Kraft Foods with its Post marker.Strong soft touch loyalty, coup guide with temper over the allocation of supermarket shelf space, helped to limit the potential for new entry. mean cadence the steady pick up growth of around 3% per annum kept the industry revenues expanding. Also Kellogg, which accounted for over 40 percent of the market share, acted as the charge leader in the industry for course of studys in the industry. Every year Kellogg increased cereal damages, its rivals followed and industry profits too remained higher(prenominal).However, this favorable structure started to change in the early 1990s when the growth in demand slowed and thusly stagnated as the lifestyle and hence food patterns changed and the market dictum the rise of powerful discounters such as Wal-Mart that started promoting their own shuffling of cereal. As sales of cheaper store-brand cereals began to take-ff, supermarkets no longer were as dependent on brand promises to bring in traffic and hence they started to demand pull down hurts from the branded cerea l manufacturers.Initially, the branded cereal manufacturers tried to hold against these unbecoming trends. However, in 1996 Kraft which was then owned by Philip Morris aggressively twist prices by 20 % for its Post brand in am drive to gain market share. Kellogg son followed with a 19 percent price cut on two-third of its brands and General Mills quickly did the same. However, this too did non change the consumption pattern the growth rates of which remained flat and revenues then started going down for all the branded cereals (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52).The trend continued in 2000s in like manner and the situation worsened with the private-label sales continuing to make inroads, gaining over 10 percent of the market. To top it all off, the sales of breakfast cereals started to carry at 1 percent per annum and the period between 1998-2001 saw the market leader Kellogg sliding down to the 2nd position for the first time in its history since its inception in 1906, by General Mil ls that continued to launch dearly-won price and promotion campaigns. To cover the rising cost General Mills raised prices in 2001 and competitors soon followed the trend.However, twain Kellogg and General Mills tried to move further away from price arguing in the industry by diversifying and focusing on brand extensions such as especial(a) K on the behalf of Kellogg and new varieties of Cheerios. Special K was instrumental and helping Kellogg recapturing its market leadership position from General Mills and this renewed focus on non-price competition halted years of damage price warfare (Hill, Jones, 2009, p. 52). Target markets The breakfast cereal industry targets several(prenominal) diverse markets but focuses upon two large ones namely the baby boomers and their children.Since a high proportion of the baby boomers are highly educated, health appeals are paramount. Thus many brands invite placed emphasis on divers(a) types of oat-bran cereal. The opposite sizeable market , targeted to children is also highly veritable. Various brands have successfully used sports personality and trade characters such as Tony the Tiger to quarter the children towards their products and retain brand loyalty. The breakfast cereal industry has been adept at target market segmentation and promoting favorable brand images.The strategy of the general industry especially Kellogg, the market leader, has been to provide a comprehensive compartmentalization for the retailers targeting specific market segments (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 109-111) Competition Breakfast cereal industry faces competition from hand-held breakfast products such as bagels, muffins, doughnuts etc. These have in fact led to a decrease in the growth of the breakfast cereal industry. The industry also faces competition from frozen waffles, pancakes, and French assurance brands which have proved to be a concern both in the past and the present.Many analysts consider that the competition is due to the c hange in dietary habits, though some also say that this has been due to th increase in cereal prices for the branded segment (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 112-113). Advertisements and Promotional activities From the time of WH Kellogg, the breakfast cereal industry has been dependent on marketing strategies and expensive promotions. In fact in 1909 itself the advertisement budget of Kellogg had reached 1 one million million per annum. Needless to say this is a major problem in the industry which has become price sensitive in present times.This activity has led to a decrease in profits and considering that the market share has non increased since the 1990s, this has become even more of a problem. There were also many insufficiencies generated by coupons and in-store promotions. For instance, more than 95 percent of the cereal coupons were thrown away and not redeemed and approximately half of the promotional expenditures did not reach the consumers in the form of humiliate prices. Be cause of these inefficiencies, as well as congressional investigations and competitive treats, the breakfast cereal industry has moved to lower prices.As the returns earned by the cereal manufacturers exceed most other grocery products, there is fierce competition among manufacturers (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 113-114). Factors contributing to success and adversity There are a combination of variables that contribute to the successes and failure of the breakfast cereal industry. These variables and strategies include innovation, target-market segmentation, image, physical environment resources, and human resources. Such factors essential be combined in various degrees for success. The breakfast cereal industry has shown innovation in product and packaging strategies.In addition to this, breakfast snack bars are a new innovation. The image of the breakfast cereal industry has been positive enough to withstand the assault of private-label brand sot a large extent. Also cereal manufac turers with their successful bounce back records and huge advertisement budgets do not have much bother in convincing retailers to give their new product introduction a chance. In 1970s, Kellogg designed shelf space allocation programs for supermarkets. Sophisticated computers and programs developed by members of the breakfast cereal industry now help to assign shelf space according to turnover.The breakfast cereal industry has also been successful in designing packaging for shipping and for display purposes. To cope their product brands and retain the company brand value, the breakfast cereal manufacturers have developed the strategy that links the brand name to the company name instead to identifying brand products by their individual brand names. For instance, Kelloggs rice Krispies and Special K, as well as General Mills impart Raisin Bran and Total Corn Flakes use this strategy. To fend off private brand competition by offering product line depth and high brand identificat ion (Michman, Mazze, 1999, p. 114-115).

Book of Negroes Essay

As an archaic woman, Aminata Diallo is brought to London, England, in 1802, by abolitionists who be petitioning to shutdown the buckle down trade. As she awaits an audience with King George, she recounts her remark satisfactory life story on paper, beginning with her life in Bayo, in western Africa, prior to being abducted from her family at be on 11, seeing the closing of her mother and father, and being marched in a coffle of captives to the sailplaning along with others from her village. Chekura, a boy of similar age who assists the slave full pointers, is at the last minute abducted himself and forced to join Aminata on the slave ship. despite suffering humiliation, witnessing atrocities, enduring squalor and languishing in starvation, Aminata survives the act to America beca custom she is able to apply the knowledge and skills passed on to her by her parents, especially the ability to catch babies and to downstairs root some African languages. In South Carolina, Amin ata is auctioned off to an anil plantation, along with a man from her village who has lost his senses during the ocean crossing.She learns the language of the buckra through the teachings of Georgia, an American-born slave, as well as from Mamed, the overseer of the plantation. Daily, Aminata must voyage the invigorated dangers of disease and the eye of the plantation master dapple she searches for a way to return to her homeland. As she carries Chekuras child, she is warned that Master Appleby could take it outside at any time. Sure enough, at ten months, Aminatas son, Mamadu, is interchange by Appleby and Chekura also disappears. Stricken with grief, Aminata falls into a depression and refuses to regulate on the plantation.Appleby sells her to Solomon Lindo, the indigo inspector of the region, and she de quits for a new life in Charles Town where Lindo promises to treat her as a servant rather than as a slave in that she works for wage and pays rent to Lindo. During wow in N ew York City that coincides with the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War, Aminata is presented with an fortune to escape and does so, while Lindo is forced to flee support to the Carolinas. Aminata quickly makes new friends and connections and supports herself by catching babies and working at a tavern, all the while helping others by teaching them how to read and write.Following the surrender of the British, author slaves who have worked for one year or more behind the lines for the British are offered asylum in Nova Scotia. These peoples names are recorded in a ledger called The Book of Negroes, penned in part by Aminata because of her knowledge of many languages. Aminata and Chekura reunite and are given passage aboard the ship Joseph, but Appleby returns for one final act of retaliation once against Aminata he makes a claim to her, separating her from Chekura once more.While Chekura continues to Nova Scotia, Aminata must stand trial, and it is Solomon Lindo who ends up setting her free. Aminata lands in Shelburne, Nova Scotia, on the last Loyalist ship, and she has to use her talents as a baby catcher, reader and teacher once again to survive, for the sake of herself and her unborn child, as she prepares for the journey to reunite with Chekura in capital of Maryland Royal. However, her inquiries come up empty. May, their three-year-old child, is abducted by the Witherspoons, a white couple who had befriended Aminata, and Aminata returns to a life without hope.When the opportunity arises for Aminata to cross the ocean again to begin a colony in Sierra Leone, Africa, she is shocked to learn of Chekuras death and decides to make the journey to her homeland. The struggle to maintain the colony of Freetown under the control of the Sierra Leone Company is complicated by its proximity to Bance Island and the slave trade. Relations with the local Temne are strained, and tempers flare when slave coffles are marched at once in front of Freetown. Longing to see her beloved Bayo village, Aminata agrees to travel back to Bance Island to secure passage into the interior.However, one month into her journey inland, she learns of the betrayal that she is to be sold back into slavery she flees for days until she finds sanctuary in a village. Realizing that she will never return to her true home, she leaves for London to join the abolitionists to end slavery. She writes an account of her life that is shared in Parliament, and she meets with King George III and sissy Charlotte Sophia. Because of the attention from the newspapers, Aminatas long-lost daughter, May, finds her after an eighteen-year separation and takes care of her in her old age as the struggle to end slavery continues in Parliament.

The Oort Cloud

The Oort Cloud The Oort debauch is a vast well out of or so 2 trillion comets champaigning our star in the most impertinent reaches of our solar system, extending from beyond the orbits of Neptune and Pluto out to 100,000 clock the Earth-Sun distance. Almost three the distance to the ne arst star. While the satellites are confined to a flatten disk in the solar system, the Oort cloud forms a world-wide pillowcase centered on the Sun, which gradually flattens down to an extended disk in the inner region, called the Kuiper belt.Bright comets observed through telescopes or with the naked eye run low thrown out of the Oort cloud or Kuiper belt, and become visible when they prepare close to enough so that the Suns energy can transform the show ices into gases. These gases drag off the embedded dust, and we see the light reflected from the dust as a tail. Comets are the leftover icy building blocks from the time of planet formation, which formed in the region of the out(a) p lanets. Essentially thesecomets are boggy snowballs, composed primarily of water ice, with some carbon monoxide and other ices, in addition to interstellar dust.When their orbits passed close enough to the giant planets to be affected, some were thrown toward the Sun and some were tossed outward toward the distant reaches of the solar system, the spherical swarm we now call the Oort cloud. Some of the comets sent inward shit the inner rocky planets, and probably contributed a significant amount of oceanic water and organic material, the building blocks of life, to Earth. Comets that live in the Oort cloud are especially important scientifically because they have been kept in a perpetual deep freeze since the formation of our solar system 4. 6 billion years ago.This means that they preserve, nearly intact, a record of the chemical conditions during the first few million years of the solar systems history, and can be used to unravel our solar systems origins much like an archaeolo gist uses artifacts to decrypt an ancient civilization. The Oort cloud is thought to occupy a vast home from somewhere amongst 2,000 and 5,000 AU (0. 03 and 0. 08 ly)12 to as far as 50,000AU (0. 79ly)3 from the Sun. Some estimates place the outer edge at between 100,000 and 200,000 AU (1. 58 and 3. 16 ly). 12 The region can be subdivided into a spherical outer Oort cloud of 20,00050,000 AU (0. 20. 79 ly), and a doughnut-shaped inner Oort cloud of 2,00020,000 AU (0. 030. 32 ly). The outer cloud is only weakly bound to the Sun and supplies the long-period (and possibly Halley-type) comets to inside the orbit of Neptune. 3 The inner Oort cloud is also cognise as the Hills cloud, named after J. G. Hills, who proposed its humanity in 1981. 13 Models predict that the inner cloud should have tens or hundreds of times as many cometary nuclei as the outer halo131415 it is seen as a possible source of new comets to resupply the relatively tenuous outer cloud as the latters numbers are gr adually depleted.The Hills cloud explains the proceed existence of the Oort cloud after billions of year The outer Oort cloud is believed to stockpile several trillion individual objects larger than approximately 1km (0. 62mi)3 (with many billions with absolute magnitudes brighter than 11corresponding to approximately 20km (12mi) diameter), with neighboring objects typically tens of millions of kilometres apart. Its total mass is not known with certainty, but, assuming that Halleys comet is a suitable prototype for all comets within the outer Oort cloud, the estimated combined mass is 3? 025kg (7? 1025lb or just about five times the mass of the Earth). Earlier it was thought to be more(prenominal) massive (up to 380 Earth masses), but improved knowledge of the size distribution of long-period comets has led to much lower estimates. The mass of the inner Oort Cloud is not currently known. If analyses of comets are representative of the whole, the vast majority of Oort-cloud obje cts consist of mixed ices such as water, methane, ethane, carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide.However, the discovery of the object 1996PW, an star-shaped in an orbit more typical of a long-period comet, suggests that the cloud whitethorn also contain rocky objects. Analysis of the carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in both the Oort cloud and Jupiter-family comets shows little difference between the two, despite their vastly separate regions of origin. This suggests that both originated from the original protosolar cloud,a conclusion also supported by studies of granular size in Oort-cloud comets by the recent impact view of Jupiter-family comet.

Customer Defection

MKT 711 9/4/2012 1. The purpose of the choose dealt with client defection. It dialogue about how the nodes are slowly not becoming as firm as they use to be. They seen a pattern after five years, the client does not stay incorruptible to the company. there are different stages of the impact of losing loyal customers and keeping them. Loyalty and profits, the to a greater extent the customer is worth the more profits come out of it because the longer the customer stays. Failure, the employee learning the doctrinaire steps on their own and leaving.Core customers, this is hard to determine but the better(p) way to determine it is to ask who the most loyal and most gainful to you? 2. I think the article represents a conceptual study. The author uses a general inquiry and experiences from other people an businesses to back up his points. There are some song given but I feeling homogeneous there needs to be a lot more numbers to declare it as a quantitative study. The author uses examples like Lexus and baseb entirely instrumentalists to back up his case about the customer dedication. When transaction with Lexus, they asked every member of their head quarters staff to interview cardinal customers a month.The article also talked about baseball fakers and their batting averages. person who bats . 280 compared to someone who bats . 320 is a big difference in the players. Even though it is only . 4 away it still tells how the player does in the batting line up. The article uses examples like these in twain different situations to show the difference in how everyone does things differently to show their customer base and how loyal they are. Even though they talked about baseball players they showed the popularity of the player because of their batting average number.This would also help by understanding the money flow and products. 3. The researchers found that the key to customer loyalty is the creation of nourish. The nurse that the customer need s the employer to help them with their profits or money. The key to value creation is organizational learner. Without the value creation and organizational learner thence the customer does not know what to do with the profit or where to rate it. The customer only learns throughout the process with the company until they become versed to do it on their own. 4. Implications for future research would be to do a more quantitative study.This way they can mesh together the concepts of the research and the new quantitative numbers in order to show the chief executive officers and companies why they should follow the plan and this is what needs to be through to become successful with keeping their customers. Once that process is done they then can expand that to become more qualitative. Then they will cast off answers from every angle, from concepts to numbers and the quality of the situation. 5. Marketing as we know it deals with identifying and skirmish hum and social needs. In a sh ort definition confluence needs profitably.The findings in the article helped pertain to Marketing because when unreassuring about the value of the customer and their certainty of the value of creation. Marketing is all about getting the name out there and making it profitable. Without the loyal customers then the product/profit is not marketable and will not make money. When establishing the affinity between the customer and employer/employee is when more successful opportunities from at bottom the company. When losing customers, then the company doesnt learn to try and build their relationship in other ways.I agree with the finding of the article and the conceptual study they are going for. I feel that it would be better to explicate the article in a quantitative study to show the numbers of the project. Using Lexus and interviewing four customers a month is a good example. vindicatory have to go more in depth of what the customer thinks. other example with the baseball play ers batting averages. Use their averages and their salaries to show about loyalty and popularity of how the player plays. The article was good in showing loyalty and customer failure through the article, and gave good examples while still getting to the understructure causes of the business.